Mois : avril 2020

Rationale for cannabis-based interventions in the opioid overdose crisis, Philippe Lucas, 2017

Rationale for cannabis-based interventions in the opioid overdose crisis Philippe Lucas Harm Reduction Journal, 2017, 14, 58 Doi : 10.1186/s12954-017-0183-9   Abstract Background : North America is currently in the grips of a crisis rooted in the use of licit and illicit opioid-based analgesics. Drug overdose is the leading cause of accidental death in Canada and the US, and the growing toll of opioid-related morbidity and mortality requires a diversity of novel therapeutic and harm reduction-based interventions. Research suggests that increasing adult access to both medical and recreational cannabis has significant positive impacts on public health and safety as a result of substitution effect. Observational and [...]

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Potential combinations of endocannabinoid/endocannabinoid-like compounds and antibiotics against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Mark Feldman et al., 2020

Potential combinations of endocannabinoid/endocannabinoid-like compounds and antibiotics against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Mark Feldman, Reem Smoum, Raphael Mechoulam, Doron Steinberg PLoS One, April 15, 2020, 1-13. Doi : 10.1371/journal.pone.0231583   Abstract Infections caused by antibiotic-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus have reached epidemic proportions globally. Our previous study showed antimicrobial effects of anandamide (AEA) and arachidonoyl serine (AraS) against methicillin (MET)-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains, proposing the therapeutic potential of these endocannabinoid/endocannabinoid-like (EC/EC-like) agents for the treatment of MRSA. Here, we investigated the potential synergism of combinations of AEA and AraS with different types of antibiotics against MRSA grown under planktonic growth or biofilm formation. The most effective [...]

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Confinement et prise de psychotropes : ce que nous apprend la guerre du Vietnam, Benjamin Rolland et al.,The Conversation, 22 avril 2020,

Confinement et prise de psychotropes : ce que nous apprend la guerre du Vietnam Benjamin ROLLAND, Julia de TERNAY The Conversation, 22 avril 2020 https://theconversation.com/confinement-et-prise-de-psychotropes-ce-que-nous-apprend-la-guerre-du-vietnam-136364   Les situations de confinement tel que ce que nous vivons depuis plus d’un mois déséquilibrent, de manière souvent brutale, les rituels de vie et les relations sociales. Or, les consommations de substances addictives dépendent de l’équilibre dynamique permanent qui existe entre un sujet et son environnement. Beaucoup se demandent donc quel sera l’impact du confinement sur les consommations d’alcool, de tabac, ou d’autres drogues, dans la population française en générale, mais aussi chez les sujets les plus vulnérables, qui ont, [...]

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Cannabis Use Patterns and Motives: A Comparison of Younger, Middle-Aged, and Older Medical Cannabis Dispensary Patients, Nancy A. Haug et al., 2017

Cannabis Use Patterns and Motives: A Comparison of Younger, Middle-Aged, and Older Medical Cannabis Dispensary Patients Nancy A. Haug, Claudia B. Padula, James E. Sottile, Ryan Vandrey, Adrienne J. Heinz, and Marcel O. Bonn-Miller Addictive Behaviors, 2017, 72, 14-20. Doi : 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.03.006   Abstract Introduction : Medical cannabis is increasingly being used for a variety of health conditions as more states implement legislation permitting medical use of cannabis. Little is known about medical cannabis use patterns and motives among adults across the lifespan. Methods : The present study examined data collected at a medical cannabis dispensary in San Francisco, California. Participants included 217 medical cannabis patients who [...]

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Un hôpital commence à traiter les patients du COVID-19 avec le cannabis, Times of Israel . com, 2020

Un hôpital commence à traiter les patients du COVID-19 avec le cannabis   https://fr.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/un-hopital-commence-a-traiter-les-patients-du-covid-19-avec-le-cannabis/ L’hôpital Ichilov a commencé à administrer du cannabis médicinal aux patients atteints du coronavirus en état modéré dans le cadre d’un traitement expérimental, a rapporté la Douzième chaîne. Les docteurs cherchent à utiliser les propriétés antivirales du cannabis pour ralentir la propagation du virus, a annoncé l’hôpital.

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Prevalence of Cannabis Withdrawal Symptoms Among People With Regular or Dependent Use of Cannabinoids. A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis, Anees Bahji et al., 2020

Prevalence of Cannabis Withdrawal Symptoms Among People With Regular or Dependent Use of Cannabinoids. A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Anees Bahji, MD; Callum Stephenson; Richard Tyo, BSocSc, RP; Emily R. Hawken, MSc, PhD; Dallas P. Seitz, MD, PhD JAMA Network Open, 2020, 3, (4), e202370. doi : 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.2370   Abstract IMPORTANCE : Cannabis withdrawal syndrome (CWS)—a diagnostic indicator of cannabis use disorder—commonly occurs on cessation of heavy and prolonged cannabis use. To date, the prevalence of CWS syndrome has not been well described, nor have the factors potentially associated with CWS. OBJECTIVES : To estimate the prevalence of CWS among individuals with regular or dependent use of [...]

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Dynamic coupling of whole-brain neuronal and neurotransmitter systems, Morten L. Kringelbach et al., 2020

Dynamic coupling of whole-brain neuronal and neurotransmitter systems Morten L. Kringelbach, Josephine Cruzat, Joana Cabral, Gitte Moos Knudsen, Robin Carhart-Harris, Peter C. Whybrow Nikos K. Logothetis, and Gustavo Deco PNAS, 2020, 1-11 doi : 10.1073/pnas.1921475117   Remarkable progress has come from whole-brain models linking anatomy and function. Paradoxically, it is not clear how a neuronal dynamical system running in the fixed human anatomical connectome can give rise to the rich changes in the functional repertoire associated with human brain function, which is impossible to explain through long-term plasticity. Neuromodulation evolved to allow for such flexibility by dynamically updating the effectivity of the fixed anatomical connectivity. [...]

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La classification des substances psychoactives. Lorsque la science n’est pas écoutée, Rapport 2019

La classification des substances psychoactives. Lorsque la science n’est pas écoutée Commission Globale de Politique en Matière de Drogues Rapport 2019   Sommaire Avant-propos................................................................................................................................ 3 Résumé......................................................................................................................................... 4 Classification des drogues : science ou idéologie?....................................................................... 7 Le système international de classification.................................................................................. 13 Histoire du régime mondial de contrôle des drogues................................................................. 13 Les incohérences corrompent le système actuel......................................................................... 16 Défaut d’équilibre : l’accès aux médicaments sous contrôle....................................................... 19 Recommandation......................................................................................................................... 21 Les enseignements des marchés (semi-)légaux.......................................................................... 25 Les plantes psychoactives non-classées...................................................................................... 25 La régulation légale du cannabis................................................................................................. 26 Les nouvelles substances psychoactives...................................................................................... 27 Recommandation......................................................................................................................... 29 Difficultés et options de réforme................................................................................................. 31 Améliorer le système actuel......................................................................................................... 31 Une échelle rationnelle des risques............................................................................................. 33 Redonner de la flexibilité nationale pour la régulation légale.................................................... 35 Recommandation........................................................................................................................ 37 Observations finales.................................................................................................................... [...]

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An epidemiological, developmental and clinical overview of cannabis use during pregnancy, Hanan El Marroun et al., 2018

An epidemiological, developmental and clinical overview of cannabis use during pregnancy Hanan El Marroun, Qiana L. Brown, Ingunn Olea Lund, Victoria H. Coleman-Cowger, Amy M. Loree, Devika Chawlaj, Yukiko Washio Preventive Medicine, 2018, 116, 1–5 Doi : 10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.08.036   A B S T R A C T The objective of the current narrative literature review is to provide an epidemiological, developmental and clinical overview on cannabis use during pregnancy. Cannabis use in pregnancy poses major health concerns for pregnant mothers and their developing children. Although studies on the short- and long-term consequences of prenatal cannabis exposure are increasing, findings have been inconsistent or difficult to interpret [...]

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The Broad Concept of “Spasticity- Plus Syndrome” in Multiple Sclerosis : A Possible New Concept in the Management of Multiple Sclerosis Symptoms, Óscar Fernández et al., 2020

The Broad Concept of “Spasticity- Plus Syndrome” in Multiple Sclerosis : A Possible New Concept in the Management of Multiple Sclerosis Symptoms Óscar Fernández, Lucienne Costa-Frossard, Marisa Martínez-Ginés, Paloma Montero, José Maria Prieto and Lluis Ramió Frontiers in Neurology , 2020 | Volume 11 | Article 152 doi : 10.3389/fneur.2020.00152   Multiple sclerosis (MS) pathology progressively affects multiple central nervous system (CNS) areas. Due to this fact, MS produces a wide array of symptoms. Symptomatic therapy of one MS symptom can cause or worsen other unwanted symptoms (anticholinergics used for bladder dysfunction produce impairment of cognition, many MS drugs produce erectile dysfunction, etc.). Appropriate symptomatic [...]

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