Cannabinoid CB2 Receptor Gene and Environmental Interaction in the Development of Psychiatric Disorders Hiroki Ishiguro, Yasue Horiuch, Koichi Tabata, Qing-Rong Liu, Tadao Arinami and Emmanuel S. Onaivi Molecules, 2018, 23, 1836; doi : 10.3390/molecules23081836 Abstract : CB2 cannabinoid receptor (CB2R) gene is associated with depression. We investigated the gene-environment interaction between CB2R function and diverse stressors. First, anxiety-like behavior during chronic-mild-stress (CMS) was evaluated in C57BL/6JJmsSlc mice following treatment with CB2R agonist JWH015 or inverse-agonist AM630. Second, locomotor activity and anxiety-like behavior were measured following exposure to an immune poly I:C stressor. Gene expressions of HPA axis related molecules, Fkbp5, Nr3c1 and Crf and [...]
Lire la suiteCannabinoid Delivery Systems for Pain and Inflammation Treatment Natascia Bruni, Carlo Della Pepa, Simonetta Oliaro-Bosso, Enrica Pessione, Daniela Gastaldi and Franco Dosio Molecules, 2018, 23, 2478 doi:10.3390/molecules23102478 www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules Abstract : There is a growing body of evidence to suggest that cannabinoids are beneficial for a range of clinical conditions, including pain, inflammation, epilepsy, sleep disorders, the symptoms of multiple sclerosis, anorexia, schizophrenia and other conditions. The transformation of cannabinoids from herbal preparations into highly regulated prescription drugs is therefore progressing rapidly. The development of such drugs requires well-controlled clinical trials to be carried out in order to objectively establish therapeutic efficacy, dose ranges and [...]
Lire la suiteChronic Adolescent D9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Treatment of Male Mice Leads to Long-Term Cognitive and Behavioral Dysfunction, Which Are Prevented by Concurrent Cannabidiol Treatment Michelle Murphy,Sierra Mills, Joanna Winstone, Emma Leishman, Jim Wager-Miller, Heather Bradshaw, and Ken Mackie Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, Volume 2.1, 2017 DOI: 10.1089/can.2017.0034 Abstract Introduction : The high prevalence of adolescent cannabis use, the association between this use and later psychiatric disease, and increased access to high-potency cannabis highlight the need for a better understanding of the long-term effects of adolescent cannabis use on cognitive and behavioral outcomes. Furthermore, increasing Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in high-potency cannabis is accompanied by a decrease in cannabidiol (CBD), thus [...]
Lire la suiteCANNABIS ET CANNABIDIOL : Éléments de Compréhension Dr Sarah Lejczak La Lettre du RESPADD, 35, avril 2019 Depuis 5000 ans, le cannabis ruderalids, sativa ou indica est utilisé dans la pharmacopée humaine de manière informelle pour ses différentes propriétés antihémétiques, antiépileptiques, antispastiques, antalgiques, anxiolytiques, antihypertensives, etc. (1). Suite à son introduction dans l’arsenal pharmaceutique moderne au XIXème siècle et les dérives d’utilisation récréative au cours du XXème siècle, son utilisation a été interdite et reste très controversée de nos jours. Des extraits cannabinoïdes (2) (Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ-9-THC), cannabidiol (CBD) et cannabinol (CBN) majoritairement) de la plante ou fabriqués synthétiquement sont utilisés depuis 1985 en tant que médicaments. [...]
Lire la suiteChapter : The endocannabinoid system in Fragile X Syndrome Henry G. S. Martin, Daniela Neuhofer and Olivier J.J. Manzoni Fragile X Syndrome : From Genetics to Targeted Treatment, 2017, Pages 241-259 DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-804461-2.00012-3 Addresses: INSERM U901, INMED and UMR S901, Aix-Marseille University Marseille 13009, France. Abstract : Endocannabinoid signaling is a finely tuned system of molecules and lipid messengers that modulate neurotransmission in a rapid and sustained manner at many central synapses. The endocannabinoid system is important for many brain activities, but is also implicated in several neuropsychiatric disorders. In this chapter we discuss emerging evidence of dysfunction in endocannabinoid signaling in Fragile X Syndrome from the Fmr1 knockout mouse model. [...]
Lire la suiteOvercoming the Bell‐Shaped Dose‐Response of Cannabidiol by Using Cannabis Extract Enriched in Cannabidiol Ruth Gallily, Zhannah Yekhtin, Lumír Ondřej Hanuš Pharmacology & Pharmacy, 2015, 6, 75-85 http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/pp.2015.62010 Abstract : Cannabidiol (CBD), a major constituent of Cannabis, has been shown to be a powerful anti inflammatory and anti‐anxiety drug, without exerting a psychotropic effect. However, when given either intraperitoneally or orally as a purified product, a bell‐shaped dose‐response was observed, which limits its clinical use. In the present study, we have studied in mice the anti‐inflammatory and anti nociceptive activities of standardized plant extracts derived from the Cannabis sativa L., clone 202, which is highly enriched [...]
Lire la suiteCannabinoid signalling in the immature brain: Encephalopathies and neurodevelopmental disorders Onintza Sagredo, Javier Palazuelos, Ana Gutierrez-Rodriguez, Valentina Satta, Ismael Galve-Roperh, Jose Martinez-Orgado Biochemical Pharmacology, 2018, 157, 85-96 DOI : 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.08.014 Abstract The endocannabinoid system exerts a crucial neuromodulatory role in many brain areas that is essential for proper regulation of neuronal activity. The role of cannabinoid signalling controlling neuronal activity in the adult brain is also evident when considering its contribution to adult brain insults or neurodegenerative diseases. In the context of brain genetic or acquired encephalopathies administration of cannabinoid-based molecules has demonstrated to exert symptomatic relief and hence, they are proposed as new potential [...]
Lire la suiteCannabinoïd-Based Therapies and Brain Development: Potential Harmful Effect of Early Modulation of the Endocannabinoid System Patricia Schonhofen, Ivi Juliana Bristot, Jose Alexandre Crippa et al. CNS Drugs, 2018, 32(Suppl 1), 1-16 DOI : 10.1007/s40263-018-0550-4 Abstract The endocannabinoid retrograde signaling pathway is widely expressed in the central nervous system, where it plays major roles in regulating synaptic plasticity (excitatory and inhibitory) through long-term potentiation and long-term depression. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) components—cannabinoid receptors, endocannabinoids and synthesis/degradation enzymes—are expressed and are functional from early developmental stages and throughout adolescent cortical development, regulating progenitor cell fate, neural differentiation, migration and survival. This may potentially confer increased vulnerability to [...]
Lire la suiteNeuroimaging Studies of Acute Effects of THC and CBD in Humans and Animals : a Systematic Review A. Batalla, J.A. Crippa, G.F. Busatto, F.S. Guimarães, A.W. Zuardi, O. Valverde, Z. Atakan, P.K. McGuire, S. Bhattacharyya and R. Martín-Santos Current Pharmaceutical Design, 2014, 20, 2168-2185 DOI : 10.2174/13816128113199990432 Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/247154314_Neuroimaging_Studies_of_Acute_Effects_of_THC_and_CBD_in_Humans_and_Animals_a_Systematic_Review [accessed May 19, 2019]. Abstract : Background : In recent years, growing concerns about the effects of cannabis use on mental health have renewed interest in cannabis research. In particular, there has been a marked increase in the number of neuroimaging studies of the effects of cannabinoids. We conducted a systematic review to assess the [...]
Lire la suiteCharacterization of Endocannabinoid-Metabolizing Enzymes in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells under Inflammatory Conditions Brittany N. Szafran, Jung Hwa Lee, Abdolsamad Borazjani, Peter Morrison, Grace Zimmerman, Kelly L. Andrzejewski, Matthew K. Ross and Barbara L.F. Kaplan Molecules, 2018, 23, 3167 DOI : 10.3390/molecules23123167 Abstract: Endocannabinoid-metabolizing enzymes are downregulated in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced inflammation in mice, which may serve as a negative feedback mechanism to increase endocannabinoid levels and reduce inflammation. Increased plasma levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) and decreased fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) activity in peripheral lymphocytes from individuals diagnosed with Huntington’s disease (HD) suggests that a similar negative feedback system [...]
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