Étiquette : chemovar

Chemical and Morphological Phenotypes in Breeding of Cannabis sativa L., Gianpaolo Grassi and John M. McPartland, 2017

Chemical and Morphological Phenotypes in Breeding of Cannabis sativa L. Gianpaolo Grassi and John M. McPartland in S. Chandra et al. (eds.), Cannabis sativa L. - Botany and Biotechnology, Chapter 6, 2017, 137-160. Doi : 10.1007/978-3-319-54564-6_6   Abstract This chapter has two parts. The first part details five characters that contribute to phenotypic diversity in Cannabis. Cannabinoids can be assayed by quantity (dry weight percentage of cannabinoids in harvested material) or by quality (the THC/CBD ratio, or chemotype). Cannabinoid quality is largely genetic, possibly monogenic. We dissect the monogenic inheritance model (two alleles at a single gene locus). Essential oil is composed of volatile, aromatic terpenoids. [...]

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The Case for the Entourage Effect and Conventional Breeding of Clinical Cannabis: No “Strain,” No Gain, Ethan B. Russo,

The Case for the Entourage Effect and Conventional Breeding of Clinical Cannabis: No “Strain,” No Gain Ethan B. Russo Frontiers in Plant Science, 2019, Volume 9, Article 1969, 1-8. Doi : 10.3389/fpls.2018.01969 The topic of Cannabis curries controversy in every sphere of influence, whether politics, pharmacology, applied therapeutics or even botanical taxonomy. Debate as to the speciation of Cannabis, or a lack thereof, has swirled for more than 250 years. Because all Cannabis types are eminently capable of cross-breeding to produce fertile progeny, it is unlikely that any clear winner will emerge between the “lumpers” vs. “splitters” in this taxonomical debate. This is compounded [...]

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Cannabis : From Cultivar to Chemovar II—A Metabolomics. Approach to Cannabis Classification, Arno Hazekamp et al, 2016,

Cannabis : From Cultivar to Chemovar II—A Metabolomics. Approach to Cannabis Classification Arno Hazekamp, Katerina Tejkalova, and Stelios Papadimitriou Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, 2016, Volume 1, (1) Doi : 10.1089/can.2016.0017 Abstract Introduction : There is a large disparity between the ‘‘cultural’’ language used by patients using cannabis for selfmedication and the ‘‘chemical’’ language applied by scientists to get a deeper understanding of cannabis effects in laboratory and clinical studies. The distinction between Sativa and Indica types of cannabis, and the different biological effects associated with them, is a major example of this. Despite the widespread use of cannabis by selfmedicating patients, scientific studies are yet [...]

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Changing landscape of cannabis : novel products, formulations, and methods of administration, Tory R Spindle et al., 2019

Changing landscape of cannabis : novel products, formulations, and methods of administration Tory R Spindle, Marcel O Bonn-Miller and Ryan Vandrey Current Opinion in Psychology, 2019, 30, 98–102 Doi : 10.1016/j.copsyc.2019.04.002   Abstract Laws regulating cannabis have changed radically in the U.S. and abroad. Historically, users smoked dried cannabis flowers that contained D9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the primary psychoactive component of cannabis, as the principal product constituent. Coincident with cannabis legalization and increased interest in medicinal use of the plant, there is now an expansive retail cannabis marketplace with novel cannabis products, formulations, and methods of administration. In this review, we describe emergent cannabis product chemotypes (e.g. THC-dominant, [...]

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Identification of Terpenoid Chemotypes Among High (-)-trans-D9- Tetrahydrocannabinol-Producing Cannabis sativa L. Cultivars, Justin T. Fischedick, 2017

Identification of Terpenoid Chemotypes Among High (-)-trans-D9- Tetrahydrocannabinol-Producing Cannabis sativa L. Cultivars Justin T. Fischedick Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, 2017, 2, 1, 34-47 DOI: 10.1089/can.2016.0040   Abstract Introduction : With laws changing around the world regarding the legal status of Cannabis sativa (cannabis) it is important to develop objective classification systems that help explain the chemical variation found among various cultivars. Currently cannabis cultivars are named using obscure and inconsistent nomenclature. Terpenoids, responsible for the aroma of cannabis, are a useful group of compounds for distinguishing cannabis cultivars with similar cannabinoid content. Methods : In this study we analyzed terpenoid content of cannabis samples obtained from a [...]

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Cannabis Pharmacy. The Practical Guide to Medical marijuana, Michael Backes, 2014

Cannabis Pharmacy. The Practical Guide to Medical marijuana Authoritative, evidence-based information, plus advice on treating dozens of ailments and conditions Michael Backes, foreword by Andrew Weil, MD Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers, New York, 2014   Foreword by Andrew Weil, M.D. From the perspective of someone who has studied traditional therapies as a career, it is surprising that cannabis ever left our medicine cabinets, since the plant has been used for millennia in cultures throughout the world as a curative for ailments of both mind and body. In 1942, the American Medical Association (AMA) fought to keep it as part of the U.S. Pharmacopeia. In spite [...]

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WHO Expert Committee on Drug Dependence. Critical Review. Cannabis and cannabis resin, 2018

WHO Expert Committee on Drug Dependence. Critical Review Cannabis and cannabis resin © World Health Organization 2018   Cannabis and cannabis resin Section 1: Chemistry 1. Substance identification ............................................................................................... 4 1.1 International Nonproprietary Name (INN) .............................................................................................. 4 1.2 Chemical Abstract Service (CAS) registry number ................................................................................... 4 1.3 Other chemical names ............................................................................................................................ 4 1.4 Trade names ........................................................................................................................................... 4 Cannabis 1.4.1 plant .................................................................................................................................. 4 1.4.2 Cannabis resin .................................................................................................................................. 5 1.5 Street names ........................................................................................................................................... 5 1.5.1 Cannabis plant .................................................................................................................................. 5 1.5.2 Cannabis resin .................................................................................................................................. 5 1.6 Physical appearance ............................................................................................................................... 6 1.6.1 Cannabis plant .................................................................................................................................. 6 1.6.2 Cannabis resin .................................................................................................................................. 6 1.7 WHO review history ................................................................................................................................ 7 2. Chemistry ..................................................................................................................... 8 2.1 Name ...................................................................................................................................................... 8 2.2 Chemical name ....................................................................................................................................... 8 2.2.1 IUPAC name: ..................................................................................................................................... 8 2.2.2 CA index [...]

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Analysis of adulterants in prepared bhang from different Authorized bhang shops, Shrawan Kumar Sadawarti et al., 2018

Analysis of adulterants in prepared bhang from different Authorized bhang shops Shrawan Kumar Sadawarti, Lav Kesharwani, A. K. Jain, Vaibhav Saran, A. K. Gupta Academic Journal of Forensic Sciences, Volume 01 | Issue 02 | October-2018 Available online at : www.xournals.com   Abstract : Cannabis is a tall, erect, annual, dioecious herb, provided with an open sunny environment, light, well-drained composted soil and ample irrigation. Bhang is obtained from cut tops of uncultivated plants and is least potent. The potency depends upon the concentration of Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). It is a narcotic drug and is analgesic in nature. Bhang is prepared by crushing the leaf of cannabis [...]

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Hepatotoxicity of a Cannabidiol-Rich Cannabis Extract in the Mouse Model, Laura E. Ewing et al., 2019

Hepatotoxicity of a Cannabidiol-Rich Cannabis Extract in the Mouse Model Laura E. Ewing, Charles M. Skinner, Charles M. Quick, Stefanie Kennon-McGill, Mitchell R. McGill, Larry A. Walker, Mahmoud A. ElSohly, Bill J. Gurley and Igor Koturbash Molecules, 2019, 24, 1694 doi : 10.3390/molecules24091694 Abstract : The goal of this study was to investigate Cannabidiol (CBD) hepatotoxicity in 8-week-old male B6C3F1 mice. Animals were gavaged with either 0, 246, 738, or 2460 mg/kg of CBD (acute toxicity, 24 h) or with daily doses of 0, 61.5, 184.5, or 615 mg/kg for 10 days (sub-acute toxicity). These doses were the allometrically scaled mouse equivalent doses (MED) [...]

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The Cannabis Conundrum : Thinking Outside the THC Box, Sarah L. Hagerty et al., 2015

The Cannabis Conundrum : Thinking Outside the THC Box Sarah L. Hagerty, Sophie L. York Williams, Vijay A. Mittal, and Kent E. Hutchison The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2015, 55, 8, 839–841 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.511   Keywords : cannabis, cannabinoids, D9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), psychosis   Despite nationwide movements to legalize and regulate cannabis, our understanding of its effects on human health is tenuous at best. Developing a solid evidence base regarding the health effects of cannabis is imperative given the momentum for legalization and the demand for sound regulatory practices. This present commentary will identify limitations with respect to previous research on cannabis, discuss the genesis and implications [...]

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