An Update on Non-CB1, Non-CB2 Cannabinoid Related G-Protein-Coupled Receptors Paula Morales and Patricia H. Reggio Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, 2017, Volume 2.1, 265-273 DOI: 10.1089/can.2017.0036 Abstract The endocannabinoid system (ECS) has been shown to be of great importance in the regulation of numerous physiological and pathological processes. To date, two Class A G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been discovered and validated as the main therapeutic targets of this system: the cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1), which is the most abundant neuromodulatory receptor in the brain, and the cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2), predominantly found in the immune system among other organs and tissues. Endogenous cannabinoid receptor [...]
Lire la suiteIbogaine : A review - Chapter 1 Kenneth R. Alper The Alkaloids. Chemistry and Biology, 2001, 56, 38 pp DOI: 10.1016/S0099-9598(01)56005-8 I. Introduction, Chemical Properties, and Historical Time Line ..................... A. Introduction................................................................................................... B. Chemical Structure and Properties .............................................................. C. Historical Time Line ..................................................................................... II. Mechanisms of Action .................................................................................. A. Neurotransmitter Activities........................................................................... B. Discrimination Studies.................................................................................. C. Effects on Neuropeptides............................................................................... D. Possible Effects on Neuroadaptations Related to Drug Sensitization or Tolerance ....................................................................................................... III. Evidence of Efficacy in Animal Models........................................................ A. Drug Self-Administration .............................................................................. B. Acute Opioid Withdrawal .............................................................................. C. Conditioned Place Preference........................................................................ D. Locomotor Activity........................................................................................ E. Dopamine Efflux............................................................................................. IV Evidence of Efficacy and Subjective Effects in Humans .............................. A. Evidence of Efficacy........................................................................................ B. Subjective Effects ........................................................................................... V. Pharmacokinetics ........................................................................................... A. Absorption....................................................................................................... B. Distribution .................................................................................................... C. Metabolism .................................................................................................... D. Excretion [...]
Lire la suiteThe fourfold discovery of Mescaline (1896–1919) Ivo Gurschler Chemical Monthly, 2019, 150, 941–947 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2019 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00706-019-02444-0 Abstract This is an historical account of the pharmacological, chemical, and anthropological research concerning the molecular makeup of the peyote cactus (Lophophora williamsii) that laid the ground for Ernst Spaeth’s structural elucidation of mescaline as 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine. Keywords : History of science · Psychedelic studies · Organic chemistry · Alkaloids · Mescaline · Drugs Introduction The exploration of the constituents of the peyote cactus and its effects upon the human psyche was an interdisciplinary undertaking that defied national borders. The material way to the heart of the [...]
Lire la suitehttp://psychedelic-library.org/lsdmenu.htm Alas! the forbidden fruits were eaten, And thereby the warm life of reason congealed. A grain of wheat eclipsed the sun of Adam, Like as the Dragon's tail dulls the brightness of the moon. — Rumi: Masnavi I Ma'navi Introductory Papers The Exploration of Experience by: Humphrey Osmond, an excerpt from his 1957 paper "A Review of the Clinical Effects of Psychotomimetic Agents" Psychedelics, Technology, Psychedelics by: Bernard Aaronson and Humphry Osmond, the introductory chapter to PSYCHEDELICS, the Uses and Implications of Hallucinogenic Drugs Psychedelics and the Future by Humphry Osmond and Bernard S. Aaronson Request for a Public Hearing to: The Hearing Clerk, Department of Health, Education and Welfare Menus Psychotherapy and Psychedelic Drugs Psychedelic Research [...]
Lire la suitePeyote - Mescaline Scientific Papers AEDMP - Asociación para el Estudio y la Divulgación de la Medicina Psicodélica Research conducted by : Juan Spuch & Genís Oña Divulgación de la Medicina Psicodélica. Castellarnau, 11 2º 1ª 43004 Tarragona Spain Tel. 675 55 33 44 Email: medicina.psicodelica@hotmail.com www.medicinapsicodelica.org Content _____________________________________ 1. What is peyote? 2. Scientific papers about peyote - mescaline arranged chronologically (1954-2012) - H. Denber & S. Merlis (1954). A Note on Some Therapeutic Implications of the Mescaline induced State - C. Landis & J. Clausen (1954). Certain Effects of Mescaline and Lysergic Acid on Psychological Functions - J. Cattell (1954). The Influence of Mescaline on Psychodynamic Material - W. Frederking (1955). Intoxicant [...]
Lire la suitePsilocybin Scientific Papers AEDMP - Asociación para el Estudio y la Divulgación de la Medicina Psicodélica Research conducted by: Fco. Miguel Ríos & Genís Oña - 2014 - Asociación para el Estudio y la Divulgación de la Medicina Psicodélica. Castellarnau, 11 2º 1ª 43004 Tarragona Spain Tel. 675 55 33 44 Email: medicina.psicodelica@hotmail.com www.medicinapsicodelica.org Content _____________________________________ 1. What is Psilocybin? 2. Scientific papers about Psilocybin arranged chronologically (1959-2014) - A. Hofmann (1959). Chemical Aspects of Psilocybin, the Psychotropic Principle from the Mexican Fungus, Psilocybe Mexicana Heim - S. Malitz et al. (1960). Some Observations on Psilocybin, a New Hallucinogen, in Volunteer Subjects - L. E. [...]
Lire la suiteThe Pharmacology of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide : a Review Torsten PASSIE, John H. HALPERN, Dirk O. STICHTENOTH, Hinderk M. EMRICH, Annelie HINTZEN CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics, 2008, 14, 295-314. Doi: 10.1111/j.1755-5949.2008.00059.x Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) was synthesized in 1938 and its psychoactive effects discovered in 1943. It was used during the 1950s and 1960s as an experimental drug in psychiatric research for producing so-called “experimental psychosis” by altering neurotransmitter system and in psychotherapeutic procedures (“psycholytic” and “psychedelic” therapy). From the mid 1960s, it became an illegal drug of abuse with widespread use that continues today. With the entry of new methods of research and [...]
Lire la suiteHuman hallucinogen research : Guidelines for safety. Matthew W. Johnson, William A. Richards, Roland R. Griffiths Journal of Psychopharmacology, 2008, 22, 603–620. doi : 10.1177/0269881108093587 Abstract There has recently been a renewal of human research with classical hallucinogens (psychedelics). This paper first briefly discusses the unique history of human hallucinogen research, and then reviews the risks of hallucinogen administration and safeguards for minimizing these risks. Although hallucinogens are relatively safe physiologically and are not considered drugs of dependence, their administration involves unique psychological risks. The most likely risk is overwhelming distress during drug action ('bad trip'), which could lead to potentially dangerous behaviour such as [...]
Lire la suiteLong-term follow-up of psilocybin-facilitated smoking cessation Johnson M.W., Garcia-Romeu A., Griffiths R.R. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 2017, 43, (1), 55–60 http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00952990.2016.1170135 Abstract Background : A recent open-label pilot study (N = 15) found that two to three moderate to high doses (20 and 30 mg/70 kg) of the serotonin 2A receptor agonist, psilocybin, in combination with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for smoking cessation, resulted in substantially higher 6-month smoking abstinence rates than are typically observed with other medications or CBT alone. Objectives : To assess long-term effects of a psilocybin-facilitated smoking cessation program at ≥12 months after psilocybin administration. Methods : The present [...]
Lire la suiteN-Arachidonoyl Dopamine : A Novel Endocannabinoid and Endovanilloid with Widespread Physiological and Pharmacological Activities Urszula Grabiec and Faramarz Dehghani Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, 2017, 2, (1), 183-196 DOI: 10.1089/can.2017.0015 Abstract N-arachidonoyl dopamine (NADA) is a member of the family of endocannabinoids to which several other N-acyldopamines belong as well. Their activity is mediated through various targets that include cannabinoid receptors or transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV)1. Synthesis and degradation of NADA are not yet fully understood. Nonetheless, there is evidence that NADA plays an important role in nociception and inflammation in the central and peripheral nervous system. The TRPV1 receptor, for which NADA is a [...]
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