Labeling Accuracy of Cannabidiol Extracts Sold Online Marcel O. Bonn-Miller, Mallory J.E. Loflin, Brian F. Thomas, Jahan P. Marcu, Travis Hyke, Ryan Vandrey JAMA, 2017, Nov 7, 318, (17), 1708–1709. doi: 10.1001/jama.2017.11909 This study compares ingredients listed on the labels of cannabidiol products sold online to actual product constituents determined by laboratory analysis. There is growing consumer demand for cannabidiol (CBD), a constituent of the cannabis plant, due to its purported medicinal benefits for myriad health conditions. Viscous plant-derived extracts, suspended in oil, alcohol (tincture), or vaporization liquid, represent most of the retail market for CBD. Discrepancies between federal and state cannabis laws have resulted in [...]
Lire la suiteConsumption of Ayahuasca by Children and Pregnant Women : Medical Controversies and Religious Perspectives Beatriz Caiuby Labate Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 2011, 43, (1), 27-35. DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2011.566498 Abstract In 2010, the Brazilian Government agency responsible for drug-related issues formulated official Resolutions that categorized the consumption of ayahuasca by pregnant women and children in the Santo Daime and Uniâo do Vegetal ayahuasea-based religions as an "exercise of parental rights." Although ayahuasca groups do enjoy a relative degree of social legitimacy and formal legal recognition in Brazil, the participation of pregnant women and children nevertheless continues to provoke heated discussion. This article raises the main issues involved [...]
Lire la suiteEndocannabinoid System Aleksandra Tarasiuka, Maciej Salagaa, and Jakub Fichna, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland Encyclopedia of Gastroenterology, 2nd Edition © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-801238-3.65635-0 Introduction 1 Cannabinoids and Their Role in the Physiological and Pathophysiological Processes in the GI Tract 3 Physiological Conditions 3 Gut motility 3 Gastric secretion and emptying 3 Pathophysiological Conditions 4 IBS 4 IBD 5 Colon cancer 5 Peptic ulcer disease 5 Endocannabinoid System and Its Interplay With Other Systems 5 Cholecystokinin 5 Endovanilloids 6 Opioids 6 Endocannabinoid System and Gut Microbiota 6 Conclusion 7 Acknowledgments 7 References Introduction Endocannabinoid system (ECS) is one of the crucial physiological systems that may be targeted to improve human health. Endocannabinoids and their receptors are localized in various organs [...]
Lire la suiteCannabinoids, Neurogenesis and Antidepressant Drugs : Is there a Link ? Manoela Viar Fogaça, Ismael Galve-Roperh, Francisco Silveira Guimarães and Alline Cristina Campos Current Neuropharmacology, 2013, 11, 263-275 Abstract Similar to clinically used antidepressants, cannabinoids can also regulate anxiety and depressive symptoms. Although the mechanisms of these effects are not completely understood, recent evidence suggests that changes in endocannabinoid system could be involved in some actions of antidepressants. Chronic antidepressant treatment modifies the expression of CB1 receptors and endocannabinoid (EC) content in brain regions related to mood and anxiety control. Moreover, both antidepressant and cannabinoids activate mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and phosphoinositide 3- kinase(PI3 [...]
Lire la suiteAmanita muscaria: chemistry, biology, toxicology, and ethnomycology Didier MICHELOT, Leda Maria MELENDEZ-HOWELL Mycological Research, 2003, 107, (2), 131-146. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0953756203007305 The fly agaric is a remarkable mushroom in many respects; these are its bearing, history, chemical components and the poisoning that it provokes when consumed. The ‘pantherina’ poisoning syndrome is characterized by central nervous system dysfunction. The main species responsible are Amanita muscaria and A. pantherina (Amanitaceae) ; however, some other species of the genus have been suspected for similar actions. Ibotenic acid and muscimol are the active components, and probably, some other substances detected in the latter species participate in the psychotropic effects. The [...]
Lire la suiteCommon neural signatures of psychedelics : Frequency-specific energy changes and repertoire expansion revealed using connectome-harmonic decomposition Selen Atasoy, Jakub Vohryzek, Gustavo Deco, Robin L. Carhart-Harris, Morten L. Kringelbach Progress in Brain Research, 2018, Volume 242,97- https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.pbr.2018.08.009 ISSN 0079-6123 © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Abstract The search for the universal laws of human brain function is still on-going but progress is being made. Here we describe the novel concepts of connectome harmonics and connectomeharmonic decomposition, which can be used to characterize the brain activity associated with any mental state. We use this new frequency-specific language to describe the brain activity elicited by psilocybin and LSD [...]
Lire la suiteThe Effects of Acutely Administered 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine on Spontaneous Brain Function in Healthy Volunteers Measured with Arterial Spin Labeling and Blood Oxygen Level–Dependent Resting State Functional Connectivity Robin L. Carhart-Harris, Kevin Murphy, Robert Leech, David Erritzoe, Matthew B. Wall, Bart Ferguson, Luke T.J. Williams, Leor Roseman, Stefan Brugger, Ineke De Meer, Mark Tanner, Robin Tyacke, Kim Wolff, Ajun Sethi, Michael A.P. Bloomfield, Tim M. Williams, Mark Bolstridge, Lorna Stewart, Celia Morgan, Rexford D. Newbould, Amanda Feilding, H. Val Curran, and David J. Nutt Biological Psychiatry, 2015, 78, 554-562. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.12.015 ABSTRACT BACKGROUND : The compound 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is a potent monoamine releaser that produces an acute euphoria in most individuals. METHODS : [...]
Lire la suiteHallucinogen Persistent Perception Disorder Induced by New Psychoactive Substituted Phenethylamines; A Review with Illustrative Case Cornel N. Stanciu and Thomas M. Penders Current Psychiatry Reviews, 2016, Vol. 12, No. 2, 1-3. DOI: 10.2174/1573400512666160216234850 Abstract : Hallucinogen Persistent Perception Disorder (HPPD) is considered an “uncommon” disorder described in association with use of hallucinogens such as LSD, mescaline and psilocybin. Despite multiple mentions of persistence of visual disturbances reported by users on online forums, clinicians may not be aware of this complication. There have been few descriptions of HPPD in association with use of new psychoactive substances (such as 2C-E). Increasing use of these designer stimulants places [...]
Lire la suiteOral Cannabidiol Does Not Convert to Δ8-THC or Δ9-THC in Humans : A Pharmacokinetic Study in Healthy Subjects Jose´ Alexandre S. Crippa, Antonio Waldo Zuardi, Jaime Eduardo Cecılio Hallak, Bruna Miyazawa, Sandra Aparecido Bernardo, Carmem Maria Donaduzzi, Silvane Guzzi, Wagner Alex Jann Favreto, Alline Campos, Maria Eugenia C. Queiroz, Francisco S. Guimaraes, Patrıcia Moura da Rosa Zimmermann, Letıcia Mello Rechia, Volnei Jose Tondo Filho, and Liberato Brum Junior Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, 2019, Volume X, Number X DOI: 10.1089/can.2019.0024 Abstract Introduction: Recent studies have suggested that cannabidiol (CBD) could interconvert into Delta-8- and Delta-9- tetrahydrocannabinol. Materials and Methods: Thus, we tested the plasma samples of 120 healthy [...]
Lire la suiteComparison of the Neurotoxic and Seizure-Inducing Effects of Synthetic and Endogenous Cannabinoids with Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Chris S. Breivogel, Jacob R. Wells, Amreen Jonas, Artik H. Mistry, Morgan L. Gravley, Rajul M. Patel, Brianna E. Whithorn, and Bonnie M. Brenseke Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, 2019, Volume X, Number X DOI: 10.1089/can.2019.0003 Abstract Introduction : Synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) are commonly found in preparations used as recreational drugs. Although severe adverse health effects are not generally associated with cannabis use, a rising number of studies document seizures and even death after SC use. In this study, a mouse model is used to investigate the hypothesis that SCs are more [...]
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