Usage médical du cannabis et des cannabinoïdes Questions et réponses à l’intention des décideurs politiques Observatoire européen des drogues et des toxicomanies (2019), Office des publications de l’Union européenne, Luxembourg Décembre 2018 PDF ISBN 978-92-9497-406-8 doi:10.2810/25727 TD-06-18-186-FR-N Table des matières : 5 Introduction 6 Quels sont les sujets abordés dans ce rapport? 7 Qu’entend-on par usage médical de cannabis et de cannabinoïdes? 11 PARTIE 1 Quelles données scientifiques attestent-elles d’un usage médical du cannabis et des cannabinoïdes? 11 Comment évaluer l’efficacité des médicaments? 12 Quels sont les données scientifiques récentes de l’efficacité du cannabis et des cannabinoïdes en tant que médicaments? 15 Quels sont les risques pour la santé associés à l’usage médical du [...]
Lire la suiteDeconstructing Ecstasy : The Politics Of MDMA Research Charles S. Grob Addiction Research, 2000, 8, 6, 549-588 http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/16066350008998989 What is Ecstasy? Defined by the New Webster’s Dictionary as a state of intense overpowering emotion, a condition of exultation or mental rapture induced by beauty, music, artistic creation or the contemplation of the divine, ecstasy derives etymologically from the ancient Greek ekstasis, which means flight of the soul from the body. The anthropologist, Mircea Eliade, who explored the roots of religious experience in his book Shamanism: Archaic Techniques of Ecstasy, has described the function of this intense state of mind among aboriginal peoples. Select individuals [...]
Lire la suiteChanges in global and thalamic brain connectivity in LSD-induced altered states of consciousness are attributable to the 5- HT2A receptor Katrin H. Preller, Joshua B. Burt, Jie Lisa Ji, Charles Schleifer, Brendan D. Adkinson, Philipp Stampfli, Erich Seifritz, Grega Repovs, John H. Krystal, John D. Murray, Franz X. Vollenweider, Alan Anticevic eLife, 2018, 7, e35082. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.35082.001 Abstract Background : Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) has agonist activity at various serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine receptors. Despite the therapeutic and scientific interest in LSD, specific receptor contributions to its neurobiological effects remain unknown. Methods : We therefore conducted a double-blind, randomized, counterbalanced, cross-over study (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02451072) during which [...]
Lire la suiteThe Endocannabinoid System and its Modulation by Phytocannabinoids Vincenzo Di Marzo & Fabiana Piscitelli Neurotherapeutics, 2015, 12, 692–698 DOI 10.1007/s13311-015-0374-6 Abstract : The endocannabinoid system is currently defined as the ensemble of the two 7-transmembrane-domain and G protein-coupled receptors for Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (but not for most other plant cannabinoids or phytocannabinoids)—cannabinoid receptor type-1 (CB1R) and cannabinoid receptor type-2 (CB2R); their two most studied endogenous ligands, the “endocannabinoids” N-arachidonoyl-ethanolamine (anandamide) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG); and the enzymes responsible for endocannabinoid metabolism. However, anandamide and 2-AG, and also the phytocannabinoids, have more molecular targets than just CB1R and CB2R. Furthermore, the endocannabinoids, like most other lipid mediators, have more [...]
Lire la suiteADDICTIONS & troubles psychiatriques, REPERES Fédération Addiction, mai 2019 Avant-Propos L’association entre les pathologies addictives et psychiatriques est une source majeure de préoccupation et de difficultés pour les professionnels et les équipes des deux champs mais aussi et avant tout pour les personnes concernées et leur entourage, avec une qualité de vie fortement altérée. Ces comorbidités, ces pathologies associées ou duelles, selon les qualifications, sont en effet difficiles à repérer et à prendre en charge, chaque filière de soins, psychiatrique ou addictologique, ayant tendance à concentrer son attention et ses interventions sur la pathologie de son domaine d’expertise. Leur pronostic est péjoratif, l’évolution [...]
Lire la suiteAssociation Between Marijuana Use and Adverse Obstetrical and Neonatal Outcomes CR Warshak; J Regan; B Moore; K Magner; S Kritzer; J Van Hook Journal of Perinatology, 2015, 35, 12, 991-995. PMID : 26401751 DOI : 10.1038/jp.2015.120 Abstract and Introduction Abstract Objective: To evaluate associations between marijuana exposure and adverse outcomes excluding women with polysubstance abuse and stratifying for concurrent maternal tobacco use. Study Design: We performed a retrospective cohort study evaluating various obstetrical and neonatal outcomes including: preterm delivery, pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, cesarean delivery, fetal growth restriction, a composite which included stillbirth or neonatal intensive care unit admission, and perinatal mortality. We stratified study groups [...]
Lire la suiteCannabidiol, a Cannabis sativa constituent, as an anxiolytic drug Alexandre Rafael de Mello Schier, Natalia Pinho de Oliveira Ribeiro, Adriana Cardoso de Oliveira e Silva, Jaime Eduardo Cecilio Hallak, José Alexandre S. Crippa, Antonio E. Nardi, Antonio Waldo Zuardi Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 2012, 34 (Supl1), S104-S117 1516-4446 - ©2012 Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved. Abstract Objectives : To review and describe studies of the non-psychotomimetic constituent of Cannabis sativa, cannabidiol (CBD), as an anxiolytic drug and discuss its possible mechanisms of action. Method : The articles selected for the review were identified through searches in English, Portuguese, and Spanish in the electronic databases ISI [...]
Lire la suitePharmacological properties of cannabidiol in the treatment of psychiatric disorders : a critical overview G. M. Mandolini, M. Lazzaretti, A. Pigoni, L. Oldani, G. Delvecchio and P. Brambilla Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 2018, 27, 327–335. © Cambridge University Press 2018 doi : 10.1017/S2045796018000239 Abstract : Cannabidiol (CBD) represents a new promising drug due to a wide spectrum of pharmacological actions. In order to relate CBD clinical efficacy to its pharmacological mechanisms of action, we performed a bibliographic search on PUBMED about all clinical studies investigating the use of CBD as a treatment of psychiatric symptoms. Findings to date suggest that (a) CBD may exert antipsychotic [...]
Lire la suiteThe neuropsychopharmacology of cannabis : A review of human imaging studies Michael A.P. Bloomfield, Chandni Hindocha, Sebastian F. Green, Matthew B.Wall, Rachel Lees, Katherine Petrilli, Harry Costello, M. Olabisi Ogunbiyi, Matthijs G. Bossong, Tom P. Freeman Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 2019, 195, 132-161 doi : 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.10.006 a b s t r a c t The laws governing cannabis are evolving worldwide and associated with changing patterns of use. The main psychoactive drug in cannabis is Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), a partial agonist at the endocannabinoid CB1 receptor. Acutely, cannabis and THC produce a range of effects on several neurocognitive and pharmacological systems. These include effects on executive, emotional, [...]
Lire la suiteThe Trouble with CBD Oil Arno Hazekamp Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoids, 2018, 1, 65–72 DOI: 10.1159/000489287 Abstract In just a few years, cannabidiol (CBD) has become immensely popular around the world. After initially being discovered as an effective self-medication for Dravet syndrome in children, CBD is now sold and used to treat a wide range of medical conditions and lifestyle diseases. The cannabinoid CBD, a non psychoactive isomer of the more infamous tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), is available in a growing number of administration modes, but the most commonly known is CBD oil. There are currently dozens, if not hundreds, of producers and sellers of CBD oils [...]
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