New psychoactive substances: a review and updates Abu Shafi, Alex J. Berry, Harry Sumnall, David M. Wood and Derek K. Tracy Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology, 2020, Vol. 10, 1–21. Doi : 10.1177/2045125320967197 Abstract : New psychoactive substances (NPS) are a heterogeneous group of substances. They are associated with a number of health and social harms on an individual and societal level. NPS toxicity and dependence syndromes are recognised in primary care, emergency departments, psychiatric inpatient and community care settings. One pragmatic classification system is to divide NPS into one of four groups: synthetic stimulants, synthetic cannabinoids, synthetic hallucinogens and synthetic depressants (which include synthetic opioids [...]
Lire la suiteSynthetic Pot : Not Your Grandfather’s Marijuana Benjamin M. Ford, Sherrica Tai, William E. Fantegrossi, and Paul L. Prather Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, 2017, 38, (3), 257–276. doi : 10.1016/j.tips.2016.12.003 Abstract In the early 2000’s in Europe and shortly thereafter in the USA, it was reported that “legal” forms of marijuana were being sold under the name K2 and/or Spice. Active ingredients in K2/Spice products were determined to be synthetic cannabinoids (SCBs), producing psychotropic actions via CB1 cannabinoid receptors, similar to those of Δ9-THC, the primary active constituent in marijuana. Often abused by adolescents and military personnel to elude detection in drug tests due to [...]
Lire la suiteNeurological Manifestations Associated with Synthetic Cannabinoid Use - A Case Series Marwa Elnazeir, Siddharth Narayanan, Pradeepthi Badugu, Abid Hussain, Cody B. Stephens, Riwaj Bhagat, Christopher M. Jones, Wei Liu, Alexi R. Hernandez, Kerri S. Remmel and Adriana E. Palade The Open Neurology Journal, 2020, 14, 53-58. Doi : 10.2174/1874205X02014010053 Abstract : Background : Synthetic Cannabinoid (SC) use has emerged as a growing public health threat in the United States. Several unexpected cases, presenting with a constellation of unrelated symptoms, but all having toxicity linked to SC use, have been reported in the last decade (2010-2019). Methods : We report a cluster of several independent cases where patients were [...]
Lire la suiteCannabinoids in Pain Management and Palliative Medicine An Overview of Systematic Reviews and Prospective Observational Studies Winfried Häuser, Mary-Ann Fitzcharles, Lukas Radbruch, Frank Petzke The Deutsches Ärzteblatt International, 2017, 114, 627–634. Doi : 10.3238/arztebl.2017.0627 SUMMARY Background : There are conflicting interpretations of the evidence regarding the efficacy, tolerability, and safety of cannabinoids in pain management and palliative medicine. Methods : We conducted a systematic review (SR) of systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials (RCT) and prospective long-term observational studies of the use of cannabinoids in pain management and palliative medicine. Pertinent publications from January 2009 to January 2017 were retrieved by a selective search in the Cochrane [...]
Lire la suiteFDA, FTC warn company marketing unapproved cannabidiol products with unsubstantiated claims to treat teething and ear pain in infants, autism, ADHD, Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease FDA is also working quickly to evaluate regulatory policies related to cannabis and cannabis-derived ingredients like CBD October 22, 2019 https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-ftc-warn-company-marketing-unapproved-cannabidiol-products-unsubstantiated-claims-treat-teething Today, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the Federal Trade Commission posted a joint warning letter to Rooted Apothecary LLC, of Naples, Florida, for illegally selling unapproved products containing cannabidiol (CBD) online with unsubstantiated claims that the products treat teething pain and ear aches in infants, autism, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), as well as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease, [...]
Lire la suiteCannabis Use Disorder During the Perinatal Period Martha L. Velez, Chloe J. Jordan, and Lauren M. Jansson Chapter 17, in : I. D. Montoya, S. R. B. Weiss (eds.), Cannabis Use Disorders, 2019, © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 177 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90365-1_17 Introduction Cannabis use in the perinatal period has been increasing in recent years, coincident with increasing legalization in the USA for medical or recreational purposes [1]. Marijuana is the most commonly used illicit drug during pregnancy [2], and among some populations, it is used more frequently than tobacco [3, 4]. Although the prevalence of cannabis use during pregnancy is difficult to ascertain with accuracy, [...]
Lire la suiteSynthetic Cannabinoids and Synthetic Cannabinoid-Induced Psychotic Disorders (Chapitre 9) Papanti Duccio*,†, Schifano Fabrizio†, Orsolini Laura†,‡ *Drug Addiction Centre, Latisana, Italy †University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom ‡Polyedra Research Group, Teramo, Italy The Complex Connection Between Cannabis and Schizophrenia. (Chapitre 9) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-804791-0.00009-4 © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. INTRODUCTION Both phytocannabinoids, the psychoactive compounds naturally present in the cannabis plant, and synthetic cannabinoids (SCs; also known as synthetic cannabimimetics) exert their effects through alteration of the endocannabinoid system (Szabo, 2014). There are at least 104 different phytocannabinoids in cannabis, and their combination contributes to the psychoactive effects of cannabis (ElSohly & Gul, 2014). In 1967, the United States [...]
Lire la suiteMedicinal Use of Synthetic Cannabinoids—a Mini Review P. Muralidhar Reddy, Nancy Maurya & Bharath Kumar Velmurugan Current Pharmacology Reports, 2019 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40495-018-0165-y Abstract Purpose of Review : This review gives an overview of the medicinal uses of synthetic cannabinoids and other related aspects on the basis of recent as well as earlier studies that the authors considered relevant to the context and scope of the review. Recent Findings Synthetic cannabinoids are laboratory synthesized products eliciting effects way more than their natural counterparts. These compounds are more potent in generating intoxicating effects and are also difficult to be detected in conventional screening tests. Their clinical side effects are also more pronounced than [...]
Lire la suiteNeurocognition and Subjective Experience Following Acute Doses of the Synthetic Cannabinoid JWH-018 : Responders Versus Nonresponders Eef L. Theunissen, Nadia R.P.W. Hutten, Natasha L. Mason, Stefan W. Toennes, Kim P.C. Kuypers, and Johannes G. Ramaekers Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, Volume 4, Number 1, 2019 Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. DOI: 10.1089/can.2018.0047 Abstract Introduction : Synthetic cannabinoid mixtures have been easily accessible for years, leading to the belief that these products were natural and harmless, which contributed to their popularity. Nevertheless, there are many reports of users ending up in hospital due to severe side effects such as tachycardia, aggression, and psychosis. Controlled studies on the effects of synthetic cannabinoids on [...]
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