The Role of Cannabinoids in Neuroanatomic Alterations in Cannabis Users Valentina Lorenzetti, Nadia Solowij, and Murat Yücel Biological Psychiatry, 2016, 79:e17-e31 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.11.013 ABSTRACT The past few decades have seen a marked change in the composition of commonly smoked cannabis. These changes primarily involve an increase of the psychoactive compound Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and a decrease of the potentially therapeutic compound cannabidiol (CBD). This altered composition of cannabis may be linked to persistent neuroanatomic alterations typically seen in regular cannabis users. In this review, we summarize recent findings from human structural neuroimaging investigations. We examine whether neuroanatomic alterations are 1) consistently observed in samples of regular cannabis [...]
Lire la suiteCannabis-induced altered states of consciousness are associated with specific dynamic brain connectivity states Zaytseva Y; Horáček J; Hlinka J; Fajnerová I; Androvičová R; Tintěra J; Salvi V; Balíková M; Hložek T; Španiel F; Páleníček T Journal of Psychopharmacology, 2019, 33, 7, 811-821 Research Article doi: 10.1177/0269881119849814. Abstract : Background : Cannabis, and specifically one of its active compounds delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in recreational doses, has a variety of effects on cognitive processes. Most studies employ resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging techniques to assess the stationary effects of cannabis and to-date one report addressed the impact of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol on the dynamics of whole-brain functional connectivity. Methods : Using a [...]
Lire la suiteMarijuana and the Cannabinoids Edited by Mahmoud A. ElSohly, PhD, Humana Press, Totowa, New Jersey, USA, 2007 www.humanapress.com 1. Cannabinoids. I. ElSohly, Mahmoud A. II. Series. [DNLM: 1. Cannabinoids. 2. Cannabis. QV 77.7 M33515 2006] QP801.C27M355 2006 615'.7827--dc22 333 pages, Preface Although primarily used today as one of the most prevalent illicit leisure drugs, the use of Cannabis sativa L., commonly referred to as marijuana, for medicinal purposes has been reported for more than 5000 years. Marijuana use has been shown to create numerous health problems, and, consequently, the expanding use beyond medical purposes into recreational use (abuse) resulted in control of the drug through international treaties. Much research has been [...]
Lire la suiteWHO Expert Committee on Drug Dependence. Critical Review Cannabis and cannabis resin © World Health Organization 2018 Cannabis and cannabis resin Section 1: Chemistry 1. Substance identification ............................................................................................... 4 1.1 International Nonproprietary Name (INN) .............................................................................................. 4 1.2 Chemical Abstract Service (CAS) registry number ................................................................................... 4 1.3 Other chemical names ............................................................................................................................ 4 1.4 Trade names ........................................................................................................................................... 4 Cannabis 1.4.1 plant .................................................................................................................................. 4 1.4.2 Cannabis resin .................................................................................................................................. 5 1.5 Street names ........................................................................................................................................... 5 1.5.1 Cannabis plant .................................................................................................................................. 5 1.5.2 Cannabis resin .................................................................................................................................. 5 1.6 Physical appearance ............................................................................................................................... 6 1.6.1 Cannabis plant .................................................................................................................................. 6 1.6.2 Cannabis resin .................................................................................................................................. 6 1.7 WHO review history ................................................................................................................................ 7 2. Chemistry ..................................................................................................................... 8 2.1 Name ...................................................................................................................................................... 8 2.2 Chemical name ....................................................................................................................................... 8 2.2.1 IUPAC name: ..................................................................................................................................... 8 2.2.2 CA index [...]
Lire la suiteDiscriminative Stimulus Effects of Psychostimulants and Hallucinogens in S()-3,4-Methylene-dioxy-meth amphetamine (MDMA) and R()-MDMA Trained Mice K. S. Murnane, N. Murai, L. L. Howell, and W. E. Fantegrossi THE JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS, 2009, Vol. 331, No. 2 Copyright © 2009 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 156174/3525473 JPET 331:717–723, 2009 Preliminary findings from these experiments were previously presented as follows : Murnane K.S., 2008 Expérimentalement Biology Meeting; San Diego, CA. doi:10.1124/jpet.109.156174. ABSTRACT 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is a substituted phenethylamine more commonly known as the drug of abuse “ecstasy.” The acute and persistent neurochemical effects of MDMA in the mice are distinct from those in [...]
Lire la suiteDream over life : Psychedelic terphenyl derivative induce hallucination via cannabinoid receptor 1 F.A. Fauzi, M.S. Goh, S.A.T.T. Johari, F. Hashim, M.F.N. Hassim The International Fundamentum Sciences Symposium 2018 IOP Publishing IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 440 (2018) 012045 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/440/1/012045 Abstract. For ages, natural psychedelic resources have been used by ancient tribes for religious inspiration. In modern medicine, these compounds were prescribed to relieve severe distress and depression on cancer patients. Despite medical benefit, abuse of these compounds have become prevalent in our modern society. These compounds usually interacted withcannabinoid receptor 1 (CNR1) on neuron cell causing hallucination, and on other cell-types. In this [...]
Lire la suiteDeconstructing Ecstasy : The Politics Of MDMA Research Charles S. Grob Addiction Research, 2000, 8, 6, 549-588 http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/16066350008998989 What is Ecstasy? Defined by the New Webster’s Dictionary as a state of intense overpowering emotion, a condition of exultation or mental rapture induced by beauty, music, artistic creation or the contemplation of the divine, ecstasy derives etymologically from the ancient Greek ekstasis, which means flight of the soul from the body. The anthropologist, Mircea Eliade, who explored the roots of religious experience in his book Shamanism: Archaic Techniques of Ecstasy, has described the function of this intense state of mind among aboriginal peoples. Select individuals [...]
Lire la suiteChanges in global and thalamic brain connectivity in LSD-induced altered states of consciousness are attributable to the 5- HT2A receptor Katrin H. Preller, Joshua B. Burt, Jie Lisa Ji, Charles Schleifer, Brendan D. Adkinson, Philipp Stampfli, Erich Seifritz, Grega Repovs, John H. Krystal, John D. Murray, Franz X. Vollenweider, Alan Anticevic eLife, 2018, 7, e35082. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.35082.001 Abstract Background : Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) has agonist activity at various serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine receptors. Despite the therapeutic and scientific interest in LSD, specific receptor contributions to its neurobiological effects remain unknown. Methods : We therefore conducted a double-blind, randomized, counterbalanced, cross-over study (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02451072) during which [...]
Lire la suiteDynamical exploration of the repertoire of brain networks at rest is modulated by psilocybin Louis-David Lord, Paul Expert, Selen Atasoy, Leor Roseman, Kristina Rapuano, Renaud Lambiotte, David J. Nutt, Gustavo Deco, Robin L. Carhart-Harris, Morten L. Kringelbach, Joana Cabral, NeuroImage, 2019, 199, 127–142 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.05.060 A B S T R A C T Growing evidence from the dynamical analysis of functional neuroimaging data suggests that brain function can be understood as the exploration of a repertoire of metastable connectivity patterns (‘functional brain networks’), which potentially underlie different mental processes. The present study characterizes how the brain's dynamical exploration of resting-state networks is rapidly modulated by intravenous [...]
Lire la suitePilot study of the 5-HT2AR agonist psilocybin in the treatment of tobacco addiction Matthew W Johnson, Albert Garcia-Romeu, Mary P Cosimano and Roland R Griffiths Journal of Psychopharmacology, 2014, Vol. 28(11) 983–992 © The Author(s) 2014 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/0269881114548296 Abstract Despite suggestive early findings on the therapeutic use of hallucinogens in the treatment of substance use disorders, rigorous follow-up has not been conducted. To determine the safety and feasibility of psilocybin as an adjunct to tobacco smoking cessation treatment we conducted an openlabel pilot study administering moderate (20 mg/70 kg) and high (30 mg/70 kg) doses of psilocybin within a structured 15-week smoking cessation treatment [...]
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