Neuroprotective Effect of Cannabidiol Against Hydrogen Peroxide in Hippocampal Neuron Culture Jungnam Kim, Ji Yu Choi, Jeongyeon Seo, and Insung S. Choi Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, 2021, Volume 6, Number 1, 40-48. Doi : 10.1089/can.2019.0102 Abstract Introduction : Reports on the neurotoxic and neuroprotective effects of cannabidiol (CBD) have not been in complete accord, showing different and somewhat contradictory results depending upon the brain cell types and experimental conditions employed. This work systematically examines the neuroprotective capability of CBD against oxidative stress (i.e., hydrogen peroxide [H2O2]) as well as its toxicity profile in the in vitro culture platform of primary hippocampal neurons. Materials and Methods : [...]
Lire la suiteCannabidiol induces rapid-acting antidepressant-like effects and enhances cortical 5-HT/glutamate neurotransmission: role of 5-HT1A receptors Raquel Linge, Laura Jimenez-Sanchez, Leticia Campa, Fuencisla Pilar-Cuellar, Rebeca, Vidal, Angel Pazos, Albert Adell, Alvaro Diaz Neuropharmacology, 2016, 103, 16-26. doi : 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.12.017 Abstract Cannabidiol (CBD), the main non-psychotomimetic component of marihuana, exhibits anxiolytic-like properties in many behavioural tests, although its potential for treating major depression has been poorly explored. Moreover, the mechanism of action of CBD remains unclear. Herein, we have evaluated the effects of CBD following acute and chronic administration in the olfactory bulbectomy mouse model of depression (OBX), and investigated the underlying mechanism. For this purpose, we [...]
Lire la suitePro-psychotic effects of synthetic cannabinoids: interactions with central dopamine, serotonin and glutamate systems William E. Fantegrossi, Cathryn D. Wilson, and Michael D. Berquist III Drug Metabolism Reviews, 2018, 50, (1), 65–73. doi : 10.1080/03602532.2018.1428343 Abstract An association between marijuana use and schizophrenia has been noted for decades, and the recent emergence of high-efficacy synthetic cannabinoids (SCBs) as drugs of abuse has lead to a growing number of clinical reports of persistent psychotic effects in users of these substances. The mechanisms underlying SCB-elicited pro-psychotic effects is unknown, but given the ubiquitous neuromodulatory functions of the endocannabinoid system, it seems likely that agonist actions at cannabinoid type-1 [...]
Lire la suiteAntidepressant mechanisms of ketamine: Focus on GABAergic inhibition Bernhard Luscher, Mengyang Fenga, Sarah J. Jefferson Advances in Pharmacology, 2020 doi : 10.1016/bs.apha.2020.03.002 Contents 1. Introduction 3 2. Molecular targets of subanesthetic ketamine and its metabolites 6 3. Insights from ketamine indicate a key role for reduced GABAergic inhibition in the pathophysiology of major depression 7 3.1 Antidepressant efficacy of ketamine is controlled by imbalances between neural excitation and inhibition 7 3.2 Chronic imbalances of neural excitation and inhibition lead to homeostatic downregulation of glutamatergic synapses that compromises normal neuronal communication 9 3.3 Chronic imbalances between neural excitation and inhibition lead to defects in GABAergic inhibition that delimit spontaneous recovery from [...]
Lire la suiteLes effets antidépresseurs de la kétamine élucidés Utilisée de longue date comme anesthésique, cette molécule vient d’être autorisée comme antidépresseur aux Etats-Unis. Par Florence Rosier Publié le 16 avril 2019 à 06h00 - https://www.lemonde.fr/sciences/article/2019/04/16/les-effets-antidepresseurs-de-la-ketamine-elucides_5450737_1650684.html La kétamine est une molécule à surprises. Et pas seulement pour ceux qui recherchent ses effets hallucinogènes en la détournant de ses applications médicales. Depuis les années 1970, elle est largement utilisée comme anesthésique à usage humain ou vétérinaire. Mais elle est aussi dotée de puissants effets antidépresseurs, découverts voici plus de vingt ans. Or, ceux-ci viennent d’être doublement reconnus : au plan réglementaire, par la toute-puissante agence américaine du médicament (FDA) ; [...]
Lire la suiteKetamine Promising in Cocaine Addiction Batya Swift Yasgur, MA, LSW Medscape.com, July 05, 2019 https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/915260_print A single ketamine infusion combined with mindfulness-based relapse prevention therapy (MBRP) improves abstinence and cuts cravings in cocaine-dependent adults, new research suggests. Results of a randomized control trial show that rates of abstinence were significiantly higher in patients who received ketamine plus MBRP compared to control patients. Moreover, those in the group that received ketamine were significantly less likely to experience relapse compared to control persons, and cravings were also significantly lower in the ketamine group throughout the trial. "In individuals receiving MBRP, a single ketamine infusion led to significantly greater odds [...]
Lire la suiteNeurocognitive performance and serial intravenous subanesthetic ketamine in treatment-resistant depression Paulo R. Shiroma, C. Sophia Albott, Brian Johns, Paul Thuras, Joseph Wels and Kelvin O. Lim The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2014, Volume 17, Issue 11, 1805–1813, Doi : 10.1017/S1461145714001011 Abstract The N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptor antagonist ketamine has demonstrated rapid anti-depressant effects in treatment-resistant depression (TRD). However, evaluation of ketamine's neurocognitive aspects in TRD has started to be explored. This study aims to (1) examine baseline neurocognitive performance and change in severity of depressive symptoms through six ketamine infusions, (2) examine the neurocognitive effects after completion of serial infusions and whether changes were associated to [...]
Lire la suiteEfficacy of Ketamine in the Treatment of Substance Use Disorders : A Systematic Review Jennifer L. Jones, Camilo F. Mateus, Robert J. Malcolm, Kathleen T. Brad and Sudie E. Back Frontiers in Psychiatry, 2018, 1-10. doi : 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00277 Abstract Background : Despite advances in behavioral and pharmacotherapy interventions, substance use disorders (SUDs) are frequently refractory to treatment. Glutamatergic dysregulation has received increasing attention as one common neuropathology across multiple substances of abuse. Ketamine is a potent N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamatergic receptor antagonist which has been found to be effective in the treatment of severe depression. Here we review the literature on the efficacy of ketamine in [...]
Lire la suiteEndocannabinoid Signaling and Synaptic Function Pablo E. Castillo, Thomas J. Younts, Andres E. Chavez, and Yuki Hashimotodani Neuron, Cell Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2012.09.020 Endocannabinoids are key modulators of synaptic function. By activating cannabinoid receptors expressed in the central nervous system, these lipid messengers can regulate several neural functions and behaviors. As experimental tools advance, the repertoire of known endocannabinoid-mediated effects at the synapse, and their underlying mechanism, continues to expand. Retrograde signaling is the principal mode by which endocannabinoids mediate short- and long-term forms of plasticity at both excitatory and inhibitory synapses. However, growing evidence suggests that endocannabinoids can also signal in a nonretrograde manner. [...]
Lire la suiteThe Neurobiology of Psychedelic Drugs: Implications for the Treatment of Mood Disorders Franz X. VOLLENWEIDER & Michael KOMETER Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 2010, 11, (9), 642-51 DOI: 10.1038/nrn2884 Abstract After a pause of nearly 40 years in research into the effects of psychedelic drugs, recent advances in our understanding of the neurobiology of psychedelics, such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), psilocybin and ketamine have led to renewed interest in the clinical potential of psychedelics in the treatment of various psychiatric disorders. Recent behavioural and neuroimaging data show that psychedelics modulate neural circuits that have been implicated in mood and affective disorders, and can reduce the clinical [...]
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