Therapeutic effects of cannabinoids in animal models of seizures, epilepsy, epileptogenesis, and epilepsy-related neuroprotection. Evan C. Rosenberg, Pabitra H. Patra, and Benjamin J. Whalley Epilepsy & Behavior, 2017 May ; 70(Pt B), 319–327 PMID : 28190698 PMCID : PMC5651410 DOI : 10.1016/j.yebeh.2016.11.006 Abstract : The isolation and identification of the discrete plant cannabinoids in marijuana revived interest in analyzing historical therapeutic claims made for cannabis in clinical case studies and anecdotes. In particular, sources as old as the 11th and 15th centuries claimed efficacy for crude marijuana extracts in the treatment of convulsive disorders, prompting a particularly active area of preclinical research into [...]
Lire la suiteThe dual neuroprotective– neurotoxic profile of cannabinoid drugs Yosef Sarne, Fadi Asaf, Miriam Fishbein, Mikhal Gafni and Ora Keren British Journal of Pharmacology, 2011, 163, 1391–1401 DOI:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01280.x www.brjpharmacol.org Abstract : Extensive in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that cannabinoid drugs have neuroprotective properties and suggested that the endocannabinoid system may be involved in endogenous neuroprotective mechanisms. On the other hand, neurotoxic effects of cannabinoids in vitro and in vivo were also described. Several possible explanations for these dual, opposite effects of cannabinoids on cellular fate were suggested, and it is conceivable that various factors may determine the final outcome of the cannabinoid effect in vivo. [...]
Lire la suiteAnti-excitotoxic effects of cannabidiol are partly mediated by enhancement of NCX2 and NCX3 expression in animal model of cerebral ischemia Sepideh Khaksar, Mohammad Reza Bigdeli European Journal of Pharmacology, 2017, 794, 270-279 DOI : 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.11.011 A B S T R A C T Excitotoxicity and imbalance of sodium and calcium homeostasis trigger pathophysiologic processes in cerebral ischemia which can accelerate neuronal death. Neuroprotective role of cannabidiol (CBD), one of the main nonpsychoactive phytocannabinoids of the cannabis plant, has attracted attention of many researchers in the neurodegenerative diseases studies. The present investigation was designed to determine whether cannabidiol can alleviate the severity of ischemic damages and [...]
Lire la suiteThe pharmacokinetics and the pharmacodynamics of cannabinoids Catherine J. Lucas, Peter Galettis and Jennifer Schneider British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2018, 84, 2477–2482 DOI:10.1111/bcp.13710 Abstract : There is increasing interest in the use of cannabinoids for disease and symptom management, but limited information available regarding their pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics to guide prescribers. Cannabis medicines contain a wide variety of chemical compounds, including the cannabinoids delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), which is psychoactive, and the nonpsychoactive cannabidiol (CBD). Cannabis use is associated with both pathological and behavioural toxicity and, accordingly, is contraindicated in the context of significant psychiatric, cardiovascular, renal or hepatic illness. The pharmacokinetics of cannabinoids and the [...]
Lire la suiteLe système endocannabinoïde central Laurent Venance, Raphael Maldonado, Olivier Manzoni SYNTHÈSE REVUES MEDECINE/SCIENCES, 2004 ; 20, 1, 45-53 URI: http://id.erudit.org/iderudit/007520ar DOI: 10.7202/007520ar Au milieu du XIXe siècle, les chimistes recherchant le principe actif de la plante Cannabis sativa explorèrent, par analogie avec d’autres phytocomposés psychoactifs identifiés (morphine et cocaïne), la piste d’un alcaloïde. Celle-ci égara les recherches pendant plus de 100ans, puisqu’il faut attendre 1964 et les travaux du groupe de Raphael Mechoulam pour obtenir la purification et l’identification du principe actif du cannabis: le Δ9-tétrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), qui s’avéra finalement être un terpénoïde (Figure 1). La chimie des cannabinoïdes (CB) connut un fulgurant essor tandis que, [...]
Lire la suiteLe système endocannabinoïde Menu de la page : Un système ancestral très répandu Distribution des récepteurs Fonctions du système endocannabinoïde Mécanismes d’action de l’anandamide Une action polymodale L’effet d’entourage et ratio THC/CBD Dualité des récepteurs cannabinoïdes https://www.norml.fr/sante-prevention-rdr/le-systeme-endocannabinoides/ Le système cannabinoïde endogène, dont le nom vient de la plante qui a permis sa découverte, est peut-être le système physiologique le plus important impliqué dans l’établissement et la préservation de la santé humaine. Les endocannabinoïdes et leurs récepteurs sont présents dans tout l’organisme: dans le cerveau, les organes, les tissus conjonctifs, les glandes et les cellules immunitaires. Dans chaque tissu, le système cannabinoïde accomplit plusieurs [...]
Lire la suiteEndocannabinoid-Mediated Control of Synaptic Transmission Masanobu KANO, Takako OHNO-SHOSAKU, Yuki HASHIMOTODANI, Motokazu UCHIGASHIMA, and Masahiko WATANABE Physiological Reviews, 2009, 89, 1, 309-380. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00019.2008 I. Introduction 310 II. Cannabinoid Receptors 311 A. CB1 receptor 311 B. CB2 receptor 315 C. “CB3” receptor 315 D. TRPV1 receptor 317 E. GPR55 receptor 317 III. CB1 Receptor Signaling 317 A. Intracellular signaling pathways 317 B. Suppression of transmitter release 318 C. Morphological changes 318 IV. Biochemistry of Endocannabinoids 318 A. Endocannabinoids 318 B. Biosynthesis of anandamide 319 C. Biosynthesis of 2-AG 320 D. Degradation of endocannabinoids 321 E. Endocannabinoid transport 321 F. Lipid raft 322 V. Endocannabinoid-Mediated Short-Term Depression 322 A. Endocannabinoid as a retrograde messenger 322 B. eCB-STD in various brain regions 324 C. Mechanisms of ecb-std 334 VI. [...]
Lire la suiteEndocannabinoid Signaling in Autism Bhismadev Chakrabarti, Antonio Persico, Natalia Battista, Mauro Maccarrone Neurotherapeutics, 2015, Volume 12, Issue 4, 837-847. DOI 10.1007/s13311-015-0371-9 Abstract Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex behavioral condition with onset during early childhood and a lifelong course in the vast majority of cases. To date, no behavioral, genetic, brain imaging, or electrophysiological test can specifically validate a clinical diagnosis of ASD. However, these medical procedures are often implemented in order to screen for syndromic forms of the disorder (i.e., autism comorbid with known medical conditions). In the last 25 years a good deal of information has been accumulated on the main components of [...]
Lire la suiteSynthetic Cannabinoids and Synthetic Cannabinoid-Induced Psychotic Disorders (Chapitre 9) Papanti Duccio*,†, Schifano Fabrizio†, Orsolini Laura†,‡ *Drug Addiction Centre, Latisana, Italy †University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom ‡Polyedra Research Group, Teramo, Italy The Complex Connection Between Cannabis and Schizophrenia. (Chapitre 9) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-804791-0.00009-4 © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. INTRODUCTION Both phytocannabinoids, the psychoactive compounds naturally present in the cannabis plant, and synthetic cannabinoids (SCs; also known as synthetic cannabimimetics) exert their effects through alteration of the endocannabinoid system (Szabo, 2014). There are at least 104 different phytocannabinoids in cannabis, and their combination contributes to the psychoactive effects of cannabis (ElSohly & Gul, 2014). In 1967, the United States [...]
Lire la suiteClinical and Preclinical Evidence for Functional Interactions of Cannabidiol and Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Douglas L. Boggs, Jacques D. Nguyen, Daralyn Morgenson, Michael A. Taffe and Mohini Ranganathan Neuropsychopharmacology. 2018 Jan; 43(1): 142–154. Published online 2017 Oct 18. Prepublished online 2017 Sep 6. doi: 10.1038/npp.2017.209 PMCID: PMC5719112 PMID: 28875990 Abstract The plant Cannabis sativa, commonly called cannabis or marijuana, has been used for its psychotropic and mind-altering side effects for millennia. There has been growing attention in recent years on its potential therapeutic efficacy as municipalities and legislative bodies in the United States, Canada, and other countries grapple with enacting policy to facilitate the use of cannabis or its constituents for [...]
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