A Systematic Review on the Pharmacokinetics of Cannabidiol in Humans Sophie A. Millar, Nicole L. Stone, Andrew S. Yates and Saoirse E. O’Sullivan Frontiers in Pharmacology, 26 November 2018 https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2018.01365 Background : Cannabidiol is being pursued as a therapeutic treatment for multiple conditions, usually by oral delivery. Animal studies suggest oral bioavailability is low, but literature in humans is not sufficient. The aim of this review was to collate published data in this area. Methods : A systematic search of PubMed and EMBASE (including MEDLINE) was conducted to retrieve all articles reporting pharmacokinetic data of CBD in humans. Results : Of 792 articles retireved, 24 included [...]
Lire la suiteThe Potential of Cannabidiol Treatment for Cannabis Users With Recent-Onset Psychosis Britta Hahn Schizophrenia Bulletin, 2018, vol. 44, no. 1, 46–53 doi:10.1093/schbul/sbx105 A major factor associated with poor prognostic outcome after a first psychotic break is cannabis misuse, which is prevalent in schizophrenia and particularly common in individuals with recent-onset psychosis. Behavioral interventions aimed at reducing cannabis use have been unsuccessful in this population. Cannabidiol (CBD) is a phytocannabinoid found in cannabis, although at low concentrations in modern-day strains. CBD has a broad pharmacological profile, but contrary to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), CBD does not activate CB1 or CB2 receptors and has at most subtle subjective [...]
Lire la suiteUS Adult Illicit Cannabis Use, Cannabis Use Disorder, and Medical Marijuana Laws 1991-1992 to 2012-2013 Deborah S. Hasin, Aaron L. Sarvet, Magdalena Cerda, Katherine M. Keyes, Malka Stohl, Sandro Galea, Melanie M. Wall JAMA Psychiatry, 2017, 74, (6), 579–610. Doi : 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.0724 PMCID: PMC5539836 PMID: 28445557 Key Points Question Are US state medical marijuana laws one of the underlying factors for increases in risk for adult cannabis use and cannabis use disorders seen since the early 1990s? Findings In this analysis using US national survey data collected in 1991-1992, 2001-2002, and 2012-2013 from 118 497 participants, the risk for cannabis use and cannabis use disorders increased at a significantly [...]
Lire la suiteCannabis use, pain and prescription opioid use in people living with chronic non-cancer pain : Findings from a four-year prospective cohort Gabrielle Campbell, Wayne D. Hall, Amy Peacock, Nicholas Lintzeris, Raimondo Bruno, Briony Larance, Suzanne Nielsen, Milton Cohen, Gary Chan, Richard P. Mattick, Fiona Blyth, Marian Shanahan, Timothy Dobbins, Michael Farrell, Louisa Degenhardt Lancet Public Health, 2018, 3, (7): e341–e350. doi:10.1016/S2468-2667(18)30110-5. Abstract Background : There has been growing interest in the use of cannabis and cannabinoids to treat chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP). Cannabis and cannabinoids have attracted attention because of their greater safety compared with opioids, and the possibility that their use can reduce opioid [...]
Lire la suiteThe effect of cannabis laws on opioid use. J.L. Flexon, L. Stolzenberg, S.J. d'Alessio International Journal of Drug Policy, 2019, 74, 152-159. doi : 10.1016/j.drugpo.2019.09.013. Abstract BACKGROUND : Many Americans rely on opioids at varying dosages to help ameliorate their suffering. However, empirical evidence is mounting that opioids are ineffective at controlling non-cancer related chronic pain, and many argue the strategies meant to relieve patient suffering are contributing to the growing opioid epidemic. Concurrently, several states now allow the use of medical cannabis to treat a variety of medical conditions, including chronic pain. Needing more exploration is the impact of cannabis laws on general opioid reliance [...]
Lire la suiteHippocampal Neurotoxicity of D9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Guy Chiu-Kai Chan, Thomas R. Hinds, Soren Impey, and Daniel R. Storm The Journal of Neuroscience, 1998, 18, (14), 5322–5332 Marijuana consumption elicits diverse physiological and psychological effects in humans, including memory loss. Here we report that D9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the major psychoactive component of marijuana, is toxic for hippocampal neurons. Treatment of cultured neurons or hippocampal slices with THC caused shrinkage of neuronal cell bodies and nuclei as well as genomic DNA strand breaks, hallmarks of neuronal apoptosis. Neuron death induced by THC was inhibited by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, including indomethacin and aspirin, as well as vitamin E and [...]
Lire la suitePreclinical and Clinical Evidence Supporting Use of Cannabidiol in Psychiatry Gioacchino Calapai, Carmen Mannucci, Ioanna Chinou, Luigi Cardia, Fabrizio Calapai, Emanuela Elisa Sorbara, Bernardo Firenzuoli, Valdo Ricca, Gian Franco Gensini and Fabio Firenzuoli Hindawi - Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2019, Article ID 2509129, 11 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/2509129 Background : Cannabidiol (CBD) is a major chemical compound present in Cannabis sativa. CBD is a nonpsychotomimetic substance, and it is considered one of the most promising candidates for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Objective. &e aim of this review is to illustrate the state of art about scientific research and the evidence of effectiveness of CBD [...]
Lire la suiteIs cannabidiol an effective treatment for schizophrenia? R. Guinguis, M.I. Ruiz, G. Rada Medwave, 2017, 17, 7, e7010 DOI: 10.5867/medwave.2017.07.7010 Abstract Cannabidiol has recently been proposed as an antipsychotic for schizophrenia. However, its clinical use and safety is controversial. To answer this question, we used Epistemonikos, the largest database of systematic reviews in health, which is maintained by screening multiple information sources, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, among others. We identified six systematic reviews incorporating four primary studies overall, including two randomized trials. We extracted data from the systematic reviews, reanalyzed data from primary studies, conducted a meta-analysis and generated a summary of findings table [...]
Lire la suiteTrends in Internet Searches for Cannabidiol (CBD) in the United States Eric C. Leas, Alicia L. Nobles, PhD, Theodore L. Caputi, Mark Dredze, DaveyM. Smith, JohnW. Ayers JAMA Network Open, 2019, 2, (10), e1913853. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.13853 Introduction Cannabidiol (CBD) is widely promoted as a panacea. For example, the cannabis brand MedMen claims CBD treats acne, anxiety, opioid addiction, pain, and menstrual problems.1 However, the US Food and Drug Administration has only approved highly purified CBD (Epidiolex) for treating epilepsy. To our knowledge, there is currently no population-focused surveillance of public interest in CBD. Consequently, many question whether CBD should be prioritized by public health leaders [...]
Lire la suitePsychiatric Comorbidity of Cannabis Use Disorder David Gorelick In book : "Cannabis Use Disorders", January 2019 DOI : 10.1007/978-3-319-90365-1_13 Abstract : Objective : This chapter reviews the epidemiology and treatment of cannabis use disorder (CUD) with psychiatric comorbidity. Methods : We summarize the findings of English-language epidemiological studies reporting current (past-year) comorbidity and of controlled clinical trials of treatment in which the majority of participants had diagnosed CUD and a specific comorbid disorder. Results : There is substantial CUD comorbidity among community-dwelling adults with major psychiatric disorders: 4–6% for depression, 14% for bipolar disorder, 5% for anxiety disorder, and 16% for schizophrenia. Conversely, there is substantial psychiatric [...]
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