Neuroanatomical alterations in people with high and low cannabis dependence Valentina Lorenzetti, Yann Chye, Chao Suo, Mark Walterfang, Dan I Lubman, Michael Takagi, Sarah Whittle, Antonio Verdejo-Garcia, Janna Cousijn, Christos Pantelis, Marc Seal, Alex Fornito, Murat Yücel and Nadia Solowij Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 2019, 1–8 https://doi.org/10.1177/0004867419859077 Abstract Objectives : We aimed to investigate whether severity of cannabis dependence is associated with the neuroanatomy of key brain regions of the stress and reward brain circuits. Methods : To examine dependence-specific regional brain alterations, we compared the volumes of regions relevant to reward and stress, between high-dependence cannabis users (CD+, n = 25), low [...]
Lire la suiteCortical surface morphology in long-term cannabis users : A multi-site MRI study Yann Chye, Chao Suo, Valentina Lorenzetti, Albert Batalla, Janna Cousijn, Anna E Goudriaan, Rocio Martin-Santos, Sarah Whittle, Nadia Solowij, Murat Yücel European Neuropsychopharmacology, 2018, 17, 21, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.11.1110 Abstract Cannabis exerts its psychoactive effect through cannabinoid receptors that are widely distributed across the cortical surface of the human brain. It is suggested that cannabis use may contribute to structural alterations across the cortical surface. In a large, multisite dataset of 120 controls and 141 cannabis users, we examined whether differences in key characteristics of the cortical surface – including cortical thickness, surface area, [...]
Lire la suiteAdolescent Cannabis Use : What is the Evidence for Functional Brain Alteration ? V. Lorenzetti, S. Alonso-Lanaa, G. J. Youssef, A. Verdejo-Garcia, C. Suo, J. Cousijn, M. Takagi, M. Yücel and N. Solowij Current Pharmaceutical Design, 2016, 22, 1-14. DOI: 10.2174/1381612822666160805155922 Abstract Background : Cannabis use typically commences during adolescence, a period during which the brain undergoes profound remodeling in areas that are high in cannabinoid receptors and that mediate cognitive control and emotion regulation. It is therefore important to determine the impact of adolescent cannabis use on brain function. Objective : We investigate the impact of adolescent cannabis use on brain function by reviewing the functional [...]
Lire la suiteDoes regular cannabis use affect neuroanatomy ? An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of structural neuroimaging studies Valentina Lorenzetti, Yann Chye, Pedro Silva, Nadia Solowij, Carl A. Roberts European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 2019 Doi : 10.1007/s00406-019-00979-1 Abstract Regular cannabis use is associated with adverse cognitive and mental health outcomes that have been ascribed to aberrant neuroanatomy in brain regions densely innervated with cannabinoid receptors. Neuroanatomical differences between cannabis users and controls have been assessed in multiple structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) studies. However, there is heterogeneity in the results leading to cautious interpretation of the data so far. We examined the sMRI [...]
Lire la suiteBibliographie : Effets indésirables du Cannabis (thérapeutique) sur la Santé mentale Dr Christian SUEUR, GRECC, novembre 2019. 2e version WORK in PROGRESS Il est à noter que, jusqu'aux années 2010, c'étaient les études et méta-analyses épidémiologiques qui "insistaient" sur la "dangerosité" du cannabis, en particulier sur les "pré" et jeunes adolescents, quant au risque de neurotoxicité, et vis à vis de la "production" de psychoses chroniques, liées à la consommation de cannabis cf mon article : Les méta-analyses et le cannabis, ou la négation du savoir clinique 21 Septembre 2011 Dr. Christian Sueur, Psychiatre, praticien hospitalier http://tdme.free.fr/?p=2730#annot8 https://www.grecc.org/publications/dossiers-scientifiques/les-meta-analyses-et-le-cannabis-ou-la-negation-du-savoir-clinique-21-sep-2011-dr-christian-sueur/ Aujourd'hui, on peut constater la raréfaction de ce type d'études épidémiologiques, qui étaient, [...]
Lire la suiteCannabinoid-Based Therapies and Brain Development : Potential Harmful Effect of Early Modulation of the Endocannabinoid System Patrícia Schonhofen, Ivi Juliana Bristot, José Alexandre Crippa, Jaime Eduardo Cecílio Hallak, Antônio Waldo Zuardi, Richard B. Parsons, Fábio Klamt CNS Drugs, 2018, 32, (Suppl 1), 1-16. Springer Nature Switzerland, Doi : 10.1007/s40263-018-0550-4 Abstract The endocannabinoid retrograde signaling pathway is widely expressed in the central nervous system, where it plays major roles in regulating synaptic plasticity (excitatory and inhibitory) through long-term potentiation and long-term depression. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) components—cannabinoid receptors, endocannabinoids and synthesis/degradation enzymes—are expressed and are functional from early developmental stages and throughout adolescent cortical development, regulating progenitor [...]
Lire la suitePrevalence and Correlates of Cannabis Use in Outpatients with Serious Mental Illness receiving treatment for Alcohol Use Disorders Jordan Skalisky, Emily Leickly, Oladunni Oluwoye, Sterling M. McPherson, Debra Srebnik, John M. Roll, Richard K. Ries, and Michael G. McDonell Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, 2017, 2, 1, 133-138. Doi : 10.1089/can.2017.0006 Abstract Introduction : People with serious mental illness (SMI) use cannabis more than any other illicit drug. Cannabis use is associated with increased psychotic symptoms and is highly comorbid with alcohol use disorders (AUDs). Despite the national trend toward decriminalization, little is known about the prevalence, correlates, and impact of cannabis use on those with SMI [...]
Lire la suiteTransdermal Delivery of Cannabidiol Attenuates Binge Alcohol- Induced Neurodegeneration in a Rodent Model of an Alcohol Use Disorder Daniel J. Liput, Dana C. Hammell, Audra L. Stinchcomb, and Kimberly Nixon Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior, 2013, 111, 120–127. doi : 10.1016/j.pbb.2013.08.013 Abstract Excessive alcohol consumption, characteristic of alcohol use disorders, results in neurodegeneration and behavioral and cognitive impairments that are hypothesized to contribute to the chronic and relapsing nature of alcoholism. Therefore, the current study aimed to advance the preclinical development of transdermal delivery of cannabidiol (CBD) for the treatment of alcohol-induced neurodegeneration. In experiment 1, 1.0%, 2.5% and 5.0% CBD gels were evaluated for neuroprotection. [...]
Lire la suiteThe Role of Endocannabinoid Signaling in Cortical Inhibitory Neuron Dysfunction in Schizophrenia David W. Volk and David A. Lewis Biological Psychiatry, 2016, 79, 595-603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.06.015 ABSTRACT Cannabis use has been reported to increase the risk of developing schizophrenia and to worsen symptoms of the illness. Both of these outcomes might be attributable to the disruption by cannabis of the endogenous cannabinoid system’s spatiotemporal regulation of the inhibitory circuitry in the prefrontal cortex that is essential for core cognitive processes, such as working memory, which are impaired in schizophrenia. In the healthy brain, the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonylglycerol 1) is synthesized by diacylglycerol lipase in pyramidal neurons; 2) [...]
Lire la suiteMarijuana and acute health care contacts in Colorado George SamWang, Katelyn Hall, Daniel Vigil, Shireen Banerji, AndrewMonte, Mike VanDyke Preventive Medicine, 2017, 104, 24-30. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.03.022 a b s t r a c t Over 22 million Americans are current users of marijuana; half of US states allow medical marijuana, and several allow recreational marijuana. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact marijuana has on hospitalizations, emergency department (ED) visits, and regional poison center (RPC) calls in Colorado, a medical and recreational marijuana state. This is a retrospective review using Colorado Hospital Association hospitalizations and ED visits with marijuana-related billing codes, and [...]
Lire la suite