Epigenetic Effects of Cannabis Exposure Henrietta Szutorisz and Yasmin L. Hurd Biological Psychiatry, 2016, 79, 7, 586–594. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.09.014. Abstract The past decade has witnessed a number of societal and political changes that have raised critical questions about the long-term impact of marijuana (Cannabis sativa) that are especially important given the prevalence of its abuse and that potential long-term effects still largely lack scientific data. Disturbances of the epigenome have generally been hypothesized as the molecular machinery underlying the persistent, often tissue-specific transcriptional and behavioral effects of cannabinoids that have been observed within one’s lifetime and even into the subsequent generation. Here, we provide an overview [...]
Lire la suiteChanges in global and thalamic brain connectivity in LSD-induced altered states of consciousness are attributable to the 5- HT2A receptor Katrin H. Preller, Joshua B. Burt, Jie Lisa Ji, Charles Schleifer, Brendan D. Adkinson, Philipp Stampfli, Erich Seifritz, Grega Repovs, John H. Krystal, John D. Murray, Franz X. Vollenweider, Alan Anticevic eLife, 2018, 7, e35082. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.35082.001 Abstract Background : Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) has agonist activity at various serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine receptors. Despite the therapeutic and scientific interest in LSD, specific receptor contributions to its neurobiological effects remain unknown. Methods : We therefore conducted a double-blind, randomized, counterbalanced, cross-over study (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02451072) during which [...]
Lire la suiteDynamical exploration of the repertoire of brain networks at rest is modulated by psilocybin Louis-David Lord, Paul Expert, Selen Atasoy, Leor Roseman, Kristina Rapuano, Renaud Lambiotte, David J. Nutt, Gustavo Deco, Robin L. Carhart-Harris, Morten L. Kringelbach, Joana Cabral, NeuroImage, 2019, 199, 127–142 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.05.060 A B S T R A C T Growing evidence from the dynamical analysis of functional neuroimaging data suggests that brain function can be understood as the exploration of a repertoire of metastable connectivity patterns (‘functional brain networks’), which potentially underlie different mental processes. The present study characterizes how the brain's dynamical exploration of resting-state networks is rapidly modulated by intravenous [...]
Lire la suitePilot study of the 5-HT2AR agonist psilocybin in the treatment of tobacco addiction Matthew W Johnson, Albert Garcia-Romeu, Mary P Cosimano and Roland R Griffiths Journal of Psychopharmacology, 2014, Vol. 28(11) 983–992 © The Author(s) 2014 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/0269881114548296 Abstract Despite suggestive early findings on the therapeutic use of hallucinogens in the treatment of substance use disorders, rigorous follow-up has not been conducted. To determine the safety and feasibility of psilocybin as an adjunct to tobacco smoking cessation treatment we conducted an openlabel pilot study administering moderate (20 mg/70 kg) and high (30 mg/70 kg) doses of psilocybin within a structured 15-week smoking cessation treatment [...]
Lire la suiteexcellent article de Jean-Yves Nau, avec deux réponses "pertinentes" du Pr Nicolas Authier et du Dr William Lowenstein Cannabis thérapeutique : l’activisme injustifiable de l’Académie nationale de pharmacie 18 juin 2019 jeanyvesnau addictions, Déontologie, Douleur, Médecine, médicament, Pharmacie, Polémique, Politique, Pouvoir, Risques (réduction des), santé publique, Toxicomanies Étiquettes : European Respiratory Journal, The Conversation, The Lancet https://jeanyvesnau.com/2019/06/18/cannabis-therapeutique-lactivisme-injustifiable-de-lacademie-nationale-de-pharmacie/ Bonjour Pour un peu on se gausserait. Sur le mode « l’Académie abuse la galerie ». Les faits : un communiqué de presse daté du 17 juin de l’Académie nationale de pharmacie : « Cannabis ‘’thérapeutique’’ : une appellation abusive et dangereuse ». Cette institution entend aujourd’hui « mettre en garde [...]
Lire la suiteThe Endocannabinoid System and its Modulation by Phytocannabinoids Vincenzo Di Marzo & Fabiana Piscitelli Neurotherapeutics, 2015, 12, 692–698 DOI 10.1007/s13311-015-0374-6 Abstract : The endocannabinoid system is currently defined as the ensemble of the two 7-transmembrane-domain and G protein-coupled receptors for Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (but not for most other plant cannabinoids or phytocannabinoids)—cannabinoid receptor type-1 (CB1R) and cannabinoid receptor type-2 (CB2R); their two most studied endogenous ligands, the “endocannabinoids” N-arachidonoyl-ethanolamine (anandamide) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG); and the enzymes responsible for endocannabinoid metabolism. However, anandamide and 2-AG, and also the phytocannabinoids, have more molecular targets than just CB1R and CB2R. Furthermore, the endocannabinoids, like most other lipid mediators, have more [...]
Lire la suiteModern History of Medical Cannabis : From Widespread Use to Prohibitionism and Back Simona Pisanti and Maurizio Bifulco Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, Cell Press, 2017, 38, 3, 195-198. doi: 10.1016/j.tips.2016.12.002. Over the history of pharmacology there are numerous examples of drugs being widely distributed, almost ‘trendy’, prescribed by physicians in a certain period as a sort of panacea, and then neglected, forgotten, or even forbidden as they become considered dangerous in the light of clinical observations. One of these drugs is Cannabis, which was very popular in the 19th century until disappearing from the official Pharmacopoeia at the beginning of the 20th century and [...]
Lire la suiteIntroduction to Recent Advances in Cannabinoid Research Robert B. Laprairie and Will Costain © 2016 The Author(s). Licensee InTechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons; Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), Abstract On October 17, 2018, Canada became the first G20 nation to legalize the use of Cannabis sativa for both medicinal and recreational purposes. This change in legislation and end of prohibition are indicative of a larger global movement to understand Cannabis—and the bioactive chemicals present within Cannabis known as the cannabinoids—for its potential biomedical uses, harms, and economic values. Currently, interest in Cannabis and cannabinoid research is surging as the many [...]
Lire la suiteCannabis thérapeutique : au seuil de l’expérimentation Interview du Pr Nicolas Authier, chef du service de pharmacologie médicale, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, président du Comité scientifique spécialisé temporaire (CSST) sur le cannabis thérapeutique JIM.fr, 16 juin 2019 cliquer sur "regardez sur Vimeo" ou : https://www.jim.fr/medecin/videos/e-docs/cannabis_therapeutique_au_seuil_de_lexperimentation_178085/document_jim_tube.phtml Chapitres Quelle différence existe-t-il entre cannabis thérapeutique et cannabis récréatif ? - 00:05 Quelle est la situation actuelle du cannabis thérapeutique en France ? - 00:54 Où en sont les travaux du CSST que vous présidez ? - 03:10 Quelles seront les indications du cannabis thérapeutiques pendant l’expérimentation ? 05:16 Quel est l’intérêt du cannabis thérapeutique [...]
Lire la suiteShould Physicians Recommend Replacing Opioids With Cannabis? Keith Humphreys PhD, Richard Saitz, MD, MPH JAMA, 2019, 321, 7, 639-640. doi : 10.1001/jama.2019.0077 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2723649 Recent state regulations (eg, in New York, Illinois) allow medical cannabis as a substitute for opioids for chronic pain and for addiction. Yet the evidence regarding safety, efficacy, and comparative effectiveness is at best equivocal for the former recommendation and strongly suggests the latter—substituting cannabis for opioid addiction treatments is potentially harmful. Neither recommendation meets the standards of rigor desirable for medical treatment decisions. Résumé : States that permit medical marijuana as an alternative to opioids for chronic pain and for addiction [...]
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