Psychiatric Practice Patterns and Barriers to the Adoption of Esketamine Samuel T. Wilkinson, David H. Howard, Susan H. Busch JAMA Published online August 2, 2019 doi:10.1001/jama.2019.10728 Major depressive disorder (MDD) affects approximately 17.3 million adults in the United States,1 with a 12-month and lifetime prevalence of 10.4% and 20.6%, respectively.2 Conducting clinical trials and developing new treatments for depression can be difficult because of spontaneous recovery rates and placebo effects.3 In addition, many patients with chronic and refractory MDD do not experience clinical improvement even after several treatment courses. There is growing interest in the use of exercise and improved nutrition to treat depression,4 [...]
Lire la suitePsilocybine mindfulness training modulates self-consciousness and brain default mode network connectivity with lasting effects SMIGIELSKI Lukasz, SCHEIDEGGER Milan, KOMETER Michael, VOLLENWEIDER Franz X. NeuroImage, 2019, 196, 207-215 Doi : 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.04.009 A B S T R A C T Both psychedelics and meditation exert profound modulatory effects on consciousness, perception and cognition, but their combined, possibly synergistic effects on neurobiology are unknown. Accordingly, we conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study with 38 participants following a single administration of the psychedelic psilocybin (315 μg/kg p.o.) during a 5-day mindfulness retreat. Brain dynamics were quantified directly pre- and post-intervention by functional magnetic resonance imaging during the resting state and [...]
Lire la suiteThe association between cannabis use and psychiatric comorbidity in people with personality disorders : A population-based longitudinal study Nadav Shalita, Jürgen Rehmb, Shaul Lev-Ran Psychiatry Research, 2019, 278, 70–77 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2019.05.041 A B S T R A C T Both personality disorders (PD) and cannabis use are highly comorbid with various psychiatric disorders. While previous research indicates specific interactions between cannabis use and schizotypal PD associated with schizophrenia, research into cannabis use among individuals with other PDs and the development of several additional psychiatric disorders is scarce. We explored the prevalence and incidence of psychiatric disorders among individuals with PDs who use cannabis, and whether individuals [...]
Lire la suiteAcute effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on resting state brain function and their modulation by COMT genotype Matthijs G. Bossong, Hendrika H. van Hell, Chris D. Schubart, Wesley van Saane, Tabitha A. Iseger, Gerry Jager, Matthias J.P. van Osch, J. Martijn Jansma, René S. Kahn, Marco P. Boks, Nick F. Ramsey European Neuropsychopharmacology, 2019, 13, 56, 1–11 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2019.03.010 Abstract Cannabis produces a broad range of acute, dose-dependent psychotropic effects. Only a limited number of neuroimaging studies have mapped these effects by examining the impact of cannabis on resting state brain neurophysiology. Moreover, how genetic variation influences the acute effects of cannabis on resting state brain function [...]
Lire la suiteHeavy Cannabis Use, Dependence and the Brain: A Clinical Perspective KROON E., KUHNS L., HOCH E., COUSIJN J. Addictions, 2019 Aug 13. doi: 10.1111/add.14776. PMID: 31408248 Abstract AIMS : To summarize and evaluate our knowledge of the relationship between heavy cannabis use, Cannabis Use Disorder (CUD), and the brain. METHODS : Narrative review of relevant literature identified through existing systematic reviews, meta-analyses and a PubMed search. Epidemiology, clinical representations, potential causal mechanisms, assessments, treatment and prognosis are discussed. RESULTS : Although causality is unclear, heavy and dependent cannabis use is consistently associated with a high prevalence of comorbid psychiatric disorders and learning and memory impairments that seem [...]
Lire la suiteThe Relevance of Sex in the Association of Synthetic Cannabinoid Use With Psychosis and Agitation in an Inpatient Population Anahita Bassir Nia, MD‡; Claire L. Mann, BA; Sharron Spriggs, MA; Daniel R. DeFrancisco, MD; Steven Carbonaro, MD; Lyla Parvez, MA; Igor I. Galynker, MD, PhD; Charles A. Perkel, MD; and Yasmin L. Hurd, PhD Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 2019, 80, (4), 18m12539 https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.18m12539 Background : Current evidence suggests that women are more sensitive to the effects of cannabinoids. The aim of this study was to investigate the relevance of sex in the association of synthetic cannabinoid (SC) use with psychosis and agitation. Methods : A [...]
Lire la suiteLifetime marijuana use in relation to insulin resistance in lean, overweight, and obese US adults Gerard Ngueta, Ruth Ndjaboue Journal of Diabetes, 2019 https://doi.org/10.1111/1753-0407.12958 Abstract Background Obese individuals are more likely to show insulin resistance (IR). However, limited population studies on marijuana use with markers of IR have yielded mixed results. The aim of this study was to examine the association of marijuana use with IR in US adults with different body mass index (BMI) status. Methods Data from the 2009 to 2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were abstracted. Minimal lifetime marijuana use was estimated using the duration of regular exposure and frequency of use. [...]
Lire la suiteCannabis Withdrawal Nicolas J. Schlienz and Ryan Vandrey I. D. Montoya, S. R. B. Weiss (eds.), Cannabis Use Disorders, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90365-1_11 Introduction Drug withdrawal refers to a constellation of symptoms that occur following abrupt cessation of chronic drug use. Though drug withdrawal can occur from stopping use of medication, it is most often encountered within the context of illicit, non-medicinal, drug use. The withdrawal symptoms that emerge following extended and frequent use of abused drugs are a key feature of what define substance use disorders [4, 85]. Further, there is accumulating neurobiological evidence that withdrawal drives the maintenance of problematic substance misuse through a mechanism of [...]
Lire la suiteFlavonoid Derivative of Cannabis Demonstrates Therapeutic Potential in Preclinical Models of Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer Michele Moreau, Udoka Ibeh, Kaylie Decosmo Noella Bih, Sayeda Yasmin-Karim, Ngeh Toyang, Henry Lowe5 and Wilfred Ngwa Frontiers in Oncology, July 2019, Vol. 9, article 660. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00660 Abstract Pancreatic cancer is particularly refractory to modern therapies, with a 5-year survival rate for patients at a dismal 8%. One of the significant barriers to effective treatment is the immunosuppressive pancreatic tumor microenvironment and development of resistance to treatment. New treatment options to increase both the survival and quality of life of patients are urgently needed. This study reports on a new [...]
Lire la suiteUse of Marijuana, Meth, Hallucinogens Up in New SAMHSA Survey Damian McNamara Medscape - Aug 22, 2019 Medscape Medical News © 2019 https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/917131?nlid=131240_2052&src=WNL_mdplsnews_190823_mscpedit_psyc&uac=292598PZ&spon=12&impID=2070816&faf=1 Almost 1 million more Americans ages 12 or older reported using marijuana in their lifetime in 2018 than in 2017, according to new data from a national survey. The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) 2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health Report notes that approximately 1.2 million more people reported use of hallucinogens, which include LSD, PCP, and Ecstasy, compared with 2017. In addition, about 170,000 more people used methamphetamine. Not all substance use increased year over year. For example, 187,000 fewer adolescent and adult Americans [...]
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