Étiquette : enthéogènes

Psychedelics as Medicines for Substance Abuse Rehabilitation : Evaluating Treatments with LSD, Peyote, Ibogaine and Ayahuasca Michael Winkelman, 2014

Psychedelics as Medicines for Substance Abuse Rehabilitation : Evaluating Treatments with LSD, Peyote, Ibogaine and Ayahuasca Michael Winkelman Current Drug Abuse Reviews, 2014, 7, 101-116   Abstract : Substances known as psychedelics, hallucinogens and entheogens have been employed in ethnomedical traditions for thousands of years, but after promising uses in the 1950’s and 1960’s they were largely prohibited in medical treatment and human research starting in the 1970’s as part of the fallout from the war on drugs. Nonetheless, there are a number of studies which suggest that these substances have potential applications in the treatment of addictions. While these substances are generally classified as [...]

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Psilocybin can occasion mystical-type experiences having substantial and sustained personal meaning and spiritual significance, Roland R. Griffiths et al., 2006

Psilocybin can occasion mystical-type experiences having substantial and sustained personal meaning and spiritual significance Roland R. Griffiths, William A. Richards, Una McCann, Robert Jesse Psychopharmacology, 2006 DOI 10.1007/s00213-006-0457-5   Abstract Rationale : Although psilocybin has been used for centuries for religious purposes, little is known scientifically about its acute and persisting effects. Objectives : This double-blind study evaluated the acute and longer-term psychological effects of a high dose of psilocybin relative to a comparison compound administered under comfortable, supportive conditions. Materials and methods : The participants were hallucinogennaïve adults reporting regular participation in religious or spiritual activities. Two or three sessions were conducted at 2-month intervals. Thirty volunteers [...]

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Psilocybin-occasioned mystical-type experience in combination with meditation and other spiritual practices produces enduring positive changes in psychological functioning and in trait measures of prosocial attitudes and behaviors, Roland R. Griffiths et al., 2018

Psilocybin-occasioned mystical-type experience in combination with meditation and other spiritual practices produces enduring positive changes in psychological functioning and in trait measures of prosocial attitudes and behaviors Roland R. Griffiths, Matthew W. Johnson, William A. Richards, Brian D. Richards3, Robert Jesse, Katherine A. MacLean, Frederick S. Barrett, Mary P. Cosimano and Maggie A. Klinedinst Journal of Psychopharmacology, 2018, 32, 1, 49-69. DOI: 10.1177/0269881117731279   Abstract Psilocybin can occasion mystical-type experiences with participant-attributed increases in well-being. However, little research has examined enduring changes in traits. This study administered psilocybin to participants who undertook a program of meditation/spiritual practices. Healthy participants were randomized to three groups (25 each): [...]

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Psilocybin occasioned mystical-type experiences : immediate and persisting dose-related effects, Roland R. Griffiths et al., 2011

Psilocybin occasioned mystical-type experiences : immediate and persisting dose-related effects Roland R. Griffiths, Matthew W. Johnson, William A. Richards, Brian D. Richards, Una McCann, Robert Jesse Psychopharmacology, 2011 DOI 10.1007/s00213-011-2358-5   Abstract Rationale : This dose-effect study extends previous observations showing that psilocybin can occasion mystical-type experiences having persisting positive effects on attitudes, mood, and behavior. Objectives : This double-blind study evaluated psilocybin (0, 5, 10, 20, 30 mg/70 kg, p.o.) administered under supportive conditions. Methods : Participants were 18 adults (17 hallucinogennaïve). Five 8-h sessions were conducted individually for each participant at 1-month intervals. Participants were randomized to receive the four active doses in either ascending or [...]

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Powerful substances in tiny amounts: Exploring the practice of microdosing psychedelic drugs, Petter Grahl Johnstad, 2017

Powerful substances in tiny amounts: Exploring the practice of microdosing psychedelic drugs Petter Grahl Johnstad Working Paper · December 2017 Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 2018, Vol. 35(1) 39–51. Doi : 10.1177/1455072517753339   This article presents an explorative study of microdosing practices with psychedelic drugs. A microdose is defined as a sub-perceptual dose, commonly about one tenth of an ordinary recreational dose, which gives no alteration of consciousness or feeling of intoxication. Respondents (n = 17) were recruited at several Internet fora for individual interviews mediated via private messaging. Every participant was male, and the median respondent was in his 30s with a stable job [...]

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Psychedelic Induced Transpersonal Experiences, Therapies, and Their Implications for Transpersonal Psychology, Thomas B. Roberts and Michael J. Winkelman, 2013

Psychedelic Induced Transpersonal Experiences, Therapies, and Their Implications for Transpersonal Psychology Thomas B. Roberts and Michael J. Winkelman Chapter 25 - The Wiley-Blackwell Handbook of Transpersonal Psychology, First Edition. Edited by Harris L. Friedman and Glenn Hartelius. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Published 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.   Psychedelics and other natural and synthetic substances have an ability to induce a range of transpersonal experiences. The predominance of spiritually-related experiences from these substances has led to the development of the concept of entheogen— reflecting their potential to produce an internal experience of communing with god. The similarity of the drug-induced transpersonal [...]

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Human hallucinogen research : Guidelines for safety, Matthew W. Johnson et al., 2008

Human hallucinogen research : Guidelines for safety. Matthew W. Johnson,  William A. Richards, Roland R. Griffiths Journal of Psychopharmacology, 2008, 22, 603–620. doi : 10.1177/0269881108093587   Abstract There has recently been a renewal of human research with classical hallucinogens (psychedelics). This paper first briefly discusses the unique history of human hallucinogen research, and then reviews the risks of hallucinogen administration and safeguards for minimizing these risks. Although hallucinogens are relatively safe physiologically and are not considered drugs of dependence, their administration involves unique psychological risks. The most likely risk is overwhelming distress during drug action ('bad trip'), which could lead to potentially dangerous behaviour such as [...]

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Acid Diethylamide (LSD) in the Treatment of Addictions : Historical Perspectives and Future Prospects, Mitchell B. Liester, 2014

Acid Diethylamide (LSD) in the Treatment of Addictions: Historical Perspectives and Future Prospects Mitchell B. Liester Current Drug Abuse Reviews, 2014, 7, 146-156 1874-4745/14 $58.00+.00 © 2014 Bentham Science Publishers   Abstract : Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is a semisynthetic compound with strong psychoactive properties. Chemically related to serotonin, LSD was initially hypothesized to produce a psychosislike state. Later, LSD was reported to have benefits in the treatment of addictions. However, widespread indiscriminate use and reports of adverse affects resulted in the classification of LSD as an illicit drug with no accepted medical use. This article reviews LSD’s storied history from its discovery, to its use [...]

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