Cannabis sativa : The Plant of the Thousand and One Molecules Christelle M. Andre, Jean-Francois Hausman and Gea Guerriero Frontiers in Plant Science, 2016, Volume 7, Article 19. doi:10.3389/fpls.2016.00019 Cannabis sativa L. is an important herbaceous species originating from Central Asia, which has been used in folk medicine and as a source of textile fiber since the dawn of times. This fast-growing plant has recently seen a resurgence of interest because of its multi-purpose applications : it is indeed a treasure trove of phytochemicals and a rich source of both cellulosic and woody fibers. Equally highly interested in this plant are the pharmaceutical and [...]
Lire la suiteThe diverse CB1 and CB2 receptor pharmacology of three plant cannabinoids : D9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol and D9-tetrahydrocannabivarin Roger G. Pertwee British Journal of Pharmacology, 2008, 153, 199–215 doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707442 Cannabis sativa is the source of a unique set of compounds known collectively as plant cannabinoids or phytocannabinoids. This review focuses on the manner with which three of these compounds, (-)-trans-D9-tetrahydrocannabinol (D9-THC), (-)- cannabidiol (CBD) and (-)-trans-D9-tetrahydrocannabivarin (D9-THCV), interact with cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors. D9-THC, the main psychotropic constituent of cannabis, is a CB1 and CB2 receptor partial agonist and in line with classical pharmacology, the responses it elicits appear to be strongly influenced both by [...]
Lire la suiteChapter 97 - Cannabidiol for the Treatment of Drug Use Disorders R.G. dos SANTOS, J.E.C. HALLAK, W. ZUARDI, J.A. de SOUZA in "Handbook of Cannabis and Related Pathologies". "Biology, Pharmacology, Diagnosis, and Treatment", 2017, Pages 939-946 https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-800756-3.00113-7 Abstract The problematic use of psychoactive substances like alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, amphetamines, heroin, and nicotine carry a series of health, economic, and social costs to individuals and society. Although pharmacological treatments for alcohol, heroin, and nicotine abuse or dependence are available, there is no approved medication for the treatment of cannabis and stimulant dependence. Cannabidiol (CBD), a nonpsychotomimetic cannabinoid present in the cannabis plant, has anxiolytic, antipsychotic, antiepileptic, [...]
Lire la suiteMolecular Targets of the Phytocannabinoids-A Complex Picture Paula Morales, Dow P. Hurst, Patricia H. Reggio Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products, 2017 ; 103: 103–131. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-45541-9_4. 1 Introduction For centuries, hashish and marihuana, both derived from the Indian hemp Cannabis sativa L., have been used for their medicinal, as well as, their psychotropic effects. Phytocannabinoids are oxygen containing C21 aromatic hydrocarbons found in Cannabis sativa L. To date, over 120 phytocannabinoids have been isolated from Cannabis, including two compounds, (−)-trans-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) and (−)-trans-Δ8-THC (Δ8-THC) that have been shown to bind to cannabinoid receptors and elicit the characteristic psychotropic effect associated with Cannabis [1]. [...]
Lire la suiteMolecular Pharmacology of Phytocannabinoids Sarah E. Turner, Claire M. Williams, Leslie Iversen, and Benjamin J. Whalley © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017 A.D. Kinghorn, H. Falk, S. Gibbons, J. Kobayashi (eds.), Phytocannabinoids, Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products 103, 61-100. DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-45541-9_3 Contents 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [...]
Lire la suiteThe origins of cannabis smoking : Chemical residue evidence from the first millennium BCE in the Pamirs Meng Ren, Zihua Tang, Xinhua Wu, Robert Spengler, Hongen Jiang, Yimin Yang, Nicole Boivin Science Advances, 2019, 5 : eaaw1391 (12 June 2019) DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw1391 Cannabis is one of the oldest cultivated plants in East Asia, grown for grain and fiber as well as for recreational, medical, and ritual purposes. It is one of the most widely used psychoactive drugs in the world today, but little is known about its early psychoactive use or when plants under cultivation evolved the phenotypical trait of increased specialized compound production. [...]
Lire la suitePhytochemical and genetic analyses of ancient cannabis from Central Asia Ethan B. Russo, Hong-En Jiang, Xiao Li, Alan Sutton, Andrea Carboni, Francesca del Bianco, Giuseppe Mandolino, David J. Potter, You-Xing Zhao, Subir Bera, Yong-Bing Zhang, En Guo Lu, David K. Ferguson, Francis Hueber, Liang-Cheng Zhao, Chang-Jiang Liu, Yu-Fei Wang and Cheng-Sen Li Journal of Experimental Botany, 2008, Vol. 59, No. 15, pp. 4171–4182, doi:10.1093/jxb/ern260 Abstract The Yanghai Tombs near Turpan, Xinjiang-Uighur Autonomous Region, China have recently been excavated to reveal the 2700-year-old grave of a Caucasoid shaman whose accoutrements included a large cache of cannabis, superbly preserved by climatic and burial conditions. A multidisciplinary international [...]
Lire la suiteCannabis sativa L. and Nonpsychoactive Cannabinoids : Their Chemistry and Role against Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Cancer Federica Pellati, Vittoria Borgonetti, Virginia Brighenti, Marco Biagi, Stefania Benvenuti, and Lorenzo Corsi Hindawi, BioMed Research International, 2018, Volume 2018, Article ID 1691428, 15 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/1691428 Abstract In the last decades, a lot of attention has been paid to the compounds present in medicinal Cannabis sativa L., such as Δ9- tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), and their effects on inflammation and cancer-related pain.The National Cancer Institute (NCI) currently recognizes medicinal C. sativa as an effective treatment for providing relief in a number of symptoms associatedwith cancer, including pain, [...]
Lire la suiteEffects of Schedule I drug laws on neuroscience research and treatment innovation. Nutt D.J., King L.A., Nichols D.E. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 2013, 14, 577-585 DOI : 10.1038/nrn3530 Abstract Many psychoactive drugs are used recreationally, particularly by young people. This use and its perceived dangers have led to many different classes of drugs being banned under national laws and international conventions. Indeed, the possession of cannabis, 3,4‑methylenedioxy- N‑methyl-amphetamine (MDMA; also known as ecstasy) and psychedelics is stringently regulated. An important and unfortunate outcome of the controls placed on these and other psychoactive drugs is that they make research into their mechanisms of action and potential therapeutic [...]
Lire la suiteProspects for the Use of Cannabinoids in Oncology and Palliative Care Practice : A Review of the Evidence Tomasz Dzierżanowski Cancers, 2019, 11, 129 doi:10.3390/cancers11020129 Abstract : There is an increased interest in the use of cannabinoids in the treatment of symptoms in cancer and palliative care patients. Their multimodal action, in spite of limited efficacy, may make them an attractive alternative, particularly in patients with multiple concomitant symptoms of mild and moderate intensity. There is evidence to indicate cannabis in the treatment of pain, spasticity, seizures, sleep disorders, nausea and vomiting, and Tourette syndrome. Although the effectiveness of cannabinoids is limited, it was [...]
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