The Divergent Effects of CDPPB and Cannabidiol on Fear Extinction and Anxiety in a Predator Scent Stress Model of PTSD in Rats John Shallcross, Peter Hámor, Allison R. Bechard, Madison Romano, Lori Knackstedt and Marek Schwendt Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, May 2019 | Volume 13 | Article 91 ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 10 May 2019 doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00091 Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) currently has no FDA-approved treatments that reduce symptoms in the majority of patients. The ability to extinguish fear memory associations is impaired in PTSD individuals. As such, the development of extinction-enhancing pharmacological agents to be used in combination with exposure therapies may benefit the treatment of [...]
Lire la suiteMedical Cannabis : Effects on Opioid and Benzodiazepine Requirements for Pain Control. Megan O’Connell, PharmD, Megan Sandgren, PharmD, MS, BCPS, Leah Frantzen, PharmD, BCPS, Erika Bower, PharmD, BCACP, Brian Erickson, MD Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 2019 May 25:1060028019854221. doi: 10.1177/1060028019854221. PMID : 31129977 Abstract BACKGROUND : There is currently little evidence regarding the use of medical cannabis for the treatment of intractable pain. Literature published on the subject to date has yielded mixed results concerning the efficacy of medical cannabis and has been limited by study design and regulatory issues. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine if the use of medical [...]
Lire la suiteBrain Imaging Studies on the Cognitive, Pharmacological and Neurobiological Effects of Cannabis in Humans : Evidence from Studies of Adult Users. Aviv Weinstein, Abigail Livny, Abraham Weizman. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 2016, 22, 42, 6366-6379. doi: 10.2174/1381612822666160822151323. PMID : 27549374 Abstract Cannabis is the most widely used illicit drug worldwide. Regular cannabis use has been associated with a range of acute and chronic mental health problems, such as anxiety, depression, psychotic symptoms and neurocognitive impairments and their neural mechanisms need to be examined. This review summarizes and critically evaluates brain-imaging studies of cannabis in recreational and regular cannabis users between January 2000 and January 2016. The [...]
Lire la suiteCannabis Pharmacy. The Practical Guide to Medical marijuana Authoritative, evidence-based information, plus advice on treating dozens of ailments and conditions Michael Backes, foreword by Andrew Weil, MD Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers, New York, 2014 Foreword by Andrew Weil, M.D. From the perspective of someone who has studied traditional therapies as a career, it is surprising that cannabis ever left our medicine cabinets, since the plant has been used for millennia in cultures throughout the world as a curative for ailments of both mind and body. In 1942, the American Medical Association (AMA) fought to keep it as part of the U.S. Pharmacopeia. In spite [...]
Lire la suiteMarijuana and the Cannabinoids Edited by Mahmoud A. ElSohly, PhD, Humana Press, Totowa, New Jersey, USA, 2007 www.humanapress.com 1. Cannabinoids. I. ElSohly, Mahmoud A. II. Series. [DNLM: 1. Cannabinoids. 2. Cannabis. QV 77.7 M33515 2006] QP801.C27M355 2006 615'.7827--dc22 333 pages, Preface Although primarily used today as one of the most prevalent illicit leisure drugs, the use of Cannabis sativa L., commonly referred to as marijuana, for medicinal purposes has been reported for more than 5000 years. Marijuana use has been shown to create numerous health problems, and, consequently, the expanding use beyond medical purposes into recreational use (abuse) resulted in control of the drug through international treaties. Much research has been [...]
Lire la suiteWHO Expert Committee on Drug Dependence. Critical Review Cannabis and cannabis resin © World Health Organization 2018 Cannabis and cannabis resin Section 1: Chemistry 1. Substance identification ............................................................................................... 4 1.1 International Nonproprietary Name (INN) .............................................................................................. 4 1.2 Chemical Abstract Service (CAS) registry number ................................................................................... 4 1.3 Other chemical names ............................................................................................................................ 4 1.4 Trade names ........................................................................................................................................... 4 Cannabis 1.4.1 plant .................................................................................................................................. 4 1.4.2 Cannabis resin .................................................................................................................................. 5 1.5 Street names ........................................................................................................................................... 5 1.5.1 Cannabis plant .................................................................................................................................. 5 1.5.2 Cannabis resin .................................................................................................................................. 5 1.6 Physical appearance ............................................................................................................................... 6 1.6.1 Cannabis plant .................................................................................................................................. 6 1.6.2 Cannabis resin .................................................................................................................................. 6 1.7 WHO review history ................................................................................................................................ 7 2. Chemistry ..................................................................................................................... 8 2.1 Name ...................................................................................................................................................... 8 2.2 Chemical name ....................................................................................................................................... 8 2.2.1 IUPAC name: ..................................................................................................................................... 8 2.2.2 CA index [...]
Lire la suiteAnalysis of adulterants in prepared bhang from different Authorized bhang shops Shrawan Kumar Sadawarti, Lav Kesharwani, A. K. Jain, Vaibhav Saran, A. K. Gupta Academic Journal of Forensic Sciences, Volume 01 | Issue 02 | October-2018 Available online at : www.xournals.com Abstract : Cannabis is a tall, erect, annual, dioecious herb, provided with an open sunny environment, light, well-drained composted soil and ample irrigation. Bhang is obtained from cut tops of uncultivated plants and is least potent. The potency depends upon the concentration of Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). It is a narcotic drug and is analgesic in nature. Bhang is prepared by crushing the leaf of cannabis [...]
Lire la suiteDeconstructing Ecstasy : The Politics Of MDMA Research Charles S. Grob Addiction Research, 2000, 8, 6, 549-588 http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/16066350008998989 What is Ecstasy? Defined by the New Webster’s Dictionary as a state of intense overpowering emotion, a condition of exultation or mental rapture induced by beauty, music, artistic creation or the contemplation of the divine, ecstasy derives etymologically from the ancient Greek ekstasis, which means flight of the soul from the body. The anthropologist, Mircea Eliade, who explored the roots of religious experience in his book Shamanism: Archaic Techniques of Ecstasy, has described the function of this intense state of mind among aboriginal peoples. Select individuals [...]
Lire la suiteEpigenetic Effects of Cannabis Exposure Henrietta Szutorisz and Yasmin L. Hurd Biological Psychiatry, 2016, 79, 7, 586–594. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.09.014. Abstract The past decade has witnessed a number of societal and political changes that have raised critical questions about the long-term impact of marijuana (Cannabis sativa) that are especially important given the prevalence of its abuse and that potential long-term effects still largely lack scientific data. Disturbances of the epigenome have generally been hypothesized as the molecular machinery underlying the persistent, often tissue-specific transcriptional and behavioral effects of cannabinoids that have been observed within one’s lifetime and even into the subsequent generation. Here, we provide an overview [...]
Lire la suiteThe Endocannabinoid System and its Modulation by Phytocannabinoids Vincenzo Di Marzo & Fabiana Piscitelli Neurotherapeutics, 2015, 12, 692–698 DOI 10.1007/s13311-015-0374-6 Abstract : The endocannabinoid system is currently defined as the ensemble of the two 7-transmembrane-domain and G protein-coupled receptors for Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (but not for most other plant cannabinoids or phytocannabinoids)—cannabinoid receptor type-1 (CB1R) and cannabinoid receptor type-2 (CB2R); their two most studied endogenous ligands, the “endocannabinoids” N-arachidonoyl-ethanolamine (anandamide) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG); and the enzymes responsible for endocannabinoid metabolism. However, anandamide and 2-AG, and also the phytocannabinoids, have more molecular targets than just CB1R and CB2R. Furthermore, the endocannabinoids, like most other lipid mediators, have more [...]
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