Catégorie : Neurobiologie

Modulation of Astrocyte Activity by Cannabidiol, a Nonpsychoactive Cannabinoid, Ewa Kozela et al., 2017

Modulation of Astrocyte Activity by Cannabidiol, a Nonpsychoactive Cannabinoid. Ewa Kozela, Ana Juknat, and Zvi Vogel International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2017, 18, 1669, 20 pp. doi:10.3390/ijms18081669 PMID : 28788104   PMCID : PMC5578059 Abstract The astrocytes have gained in recent decades an enormous interest as a potential target for neurotherapies, due to their essential and pleiotropic roles in brain physiology and pathology. Their precise regulation is still far from understood, although several candidate molecules/systems arise as promising targets for astrocyte-mediated neuroregulation and/or neuroprotection. The cannabinoid system and its ligands have been shown to interact and affect activities of astrocytes. Cannabidiol (CBD) is the main [...]

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Cannabinoid signalling in the immature brain: Encephalopathies and neurodevelopmental disorders, Onintza Sagredo et al., 2018

Cannabinoid signalling in the immature brain: Encephalopathies and neurodevelopmental disorders Onintza Sagredo, Javier Palazuelos, Ana Gutierrez-Rodriguez, Valentina Satta, Ismael Galve-Roperh,  Jose Martinez-Orgado Biochemical Pharmacology, 2018, 157, 85-96 DOI : 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.08.014 Abstract The endocannabinoid system exerts a crucial neuromodulatory role in many brain areas that is essential for proper regulation of neuronal activity. The role of cannabinoid signalling controlling neuronal activity in the adult brain is also evident when considering its contribution to adult brain insults or neurodegenerative diseases. In the context of brain genetic or acquired encephalopathies administration of cannabinoid-based molecules has demonstrated to exert symptomatic relief and hence, they are proposed as new potential [...]

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Cannabinoïd-Based Therapies and Brain Development: Potential Harmful Effect of Early Modulation of the Endocannabinoid System, Patricia Schonhofen et al., 2018,

Cannabinoïd-Based Therapies and Brain Development: Potential Harmful Effect of Early Modulation of the Endocannabinoid System Patricia Schonhofen, Ivi Juliana Bristot, Jose Alexandre Crippa et al. CNS Drugs,  2018, 32(Suppl 1), 1-16 DOI : 10.1007/s40263-018-0550-4   Abstract The endocannabinoid retrograde signaling pathway is widely expressed in the central nervous system, where it plays major roles in regulating synaptic plasticity (excitatory and inhibitory) through long-term potentiation and long-term depression. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) components—cannabinoid receptors, endocannabinoids and synthesis/degradation enzymes—are expressed and are functional from early developmental stages and throughout adolescent cortical development, regulating progenitor cell fate, neural differentiation, migration and survival. This may potentially confer increased vulnerability to [...]

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Cannabis, Cannabidiol, and Epilepsy. Clinical Considerations and Practical Applications. A new frontier brings new questions and old dilemmas, Adrian L. Turner and M. Scott Perry, 2018

Cannabis, Cannabidiol, and Epilepsy. Clinical Considerations and Practical Applications. A new frontier brings new questions and old dilemmas. Adrian L. Turner and M. Scott Perry Practical Neurology, October 2018, 31-35   Background As early as 12,000 BCE, texts from central Asia reported human use of cannabis for nonmedical indications including ropes, fibers, and cloth. Ancient Chinese manuscripts from approximately 10,000 years later give the first documented use of cannabis for medical purposes 1. Other early reports from ancient Mesopotamia, Persia, and India describe cannabis use for indications such as spasticity, depression, anxiety, and epilepsy.1,2 Cannabis for medicinal purposes was not scientifically studied until the 19th century. In 1840, [...]

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Neuroimaging Studies of Acute Effects of THC and CBD in Humans and Animals : a Systematic Review, Albert Batalla et al., 2014

Neuroimaging Studies of Acute Effects of THC and CBD in Humans and Animals : a Systematic Review A. Batalla, J.A. Crippa, G.F. Busatto, F.S. Guimarães, A.W. Zuardi, O. Valverde, Z. Atakan, P.K. McGuire, S. Bhattacharyya and R. Martín-Santos Current Pharmaceutical Design, 2014,  20, 2168-2185 DOI : 10.2174/13816128113199990432 Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/247154314_Neuroimaging_Studies_of_Acute_Effects_of_THC_and_CBD_in_Humans_and_Animals_a_Systematic_Review [accessed May 19, 2019]. Abstract : Background : In recent years, growing concerns about the effects of cannabis use on mental health have renewed interest in cannabis research. In particular, there has been a marked increase in the number of neuroimaging studies of the effects of cannabinoids. We conducted a systematic review to assess the [...]

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Characterization of Endocannabinoid-Metabolizing Enzymes in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells under Inflammatory Conditions, Brittany N. Szafran et al., 2018

Characterization of Endocannabinoid-Metabolizing Enzymes in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells under Inflammatory Conditions Brittany N. Szafran, Jung Hwa Lee, Abdolsamad Borazjani, Peter Morrison, Grace Zimmerman, Kelly L. Andrzejewski, Matthew K. Ross and Barbara L.F. Kaplan Molecules, 2018, 23, 3167 DOI : 10.3390/molecules23123167 Abstract: Endocannabinoid-metabolizing enzymes are downregulated in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced inflammation in mice, which may serve as a negative feedback mechanism to increase endocannabinoid levels and reduce inflammation. Increased plasma levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) and decreased fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) activity in peripheral lymphocytes from individuals diagnosed with Huntington’s disease (HD) suggests that a similar negative feedback system [...]

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Cannabinoïde Signaling in the Skin : Therapeutic Potential of the “C(ut)annabinoid” System, Kinga Fanni Tóth et al., 2019

Cannabinoïde Signaling in the Skin : Therapeutic Potential of the “C(ut)annabinoid” System Kinga Fanni Tóth, Dorottya Ádám, Tamás Bíró, and Attila Oláh Molecules 2019, 24(5), 918; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24050918 Abstract : The endocannabinoid system (ECS) has lately been proven to be an important, multifaceted homeostatic regulator, which influences a wide-variety of physiological processes all over the body. Its members, the endocannabinoids (eCBs; e.g., anandamide), the eCB-responsive receptors (e.g., CB1, CB2), as well as the complex enzyme and transporter apparatus involved in the metabolism of the ligands were shown to be expressed in several tissues, including the skin. Although the best studied functions over the ECS are [...]

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Modulation of acute effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol on psychotomimetic effects, cognition and brain function by previous cannabis exposure, Marco Colizzi et al., 2018

Modulation of acute effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol on psychotomimetic effects, cognition and brain function by previous cannabis exposure Marco Colizzi, Philip McGuire, Vincent Giampietro, Steve Williams, Mick Brammer, Sagnik Bhattacharyya, European Neuropsychopharmacology, 2018, 28, 850-862. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.04.003 0924-977X/ ©2018 ElsevierB.V. and ECNP. All rights reserved. KEYWORDS : Cannabis use; Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Cognitive functioning; Tolerance; Psychosis Abstract Cannabis use has been associated with psychosis and cognitive dysfunction. Some evidence suggests that the acute behavioral and neurocognitive effects of the main activei ngredient in cannabis, (-)-trans-Δ9 tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), might be modulated by previous cannabis exposure. However, this has not been investigated either using a control group of non-users, [...]

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S224. Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Challenge in Cannabis Users and NonUsers Differentially Affects Brain Function and Behavior : An FMRI Study of Development of Tolerance, Marco Colizzi et al., 2018

S224. DELTA-9-TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL CHALLENGE IN CANNABIS USERS AND NONUSERS DIFFERENTIALLY AFFECTS BRAIN FUNCTION AND BEHAVIOR: AN FMRI STUDY OF DEVELOPMENT OF TOLERANCE Marco Colizzi, Philip McGuire, Vincent Giampietro, Steve Williams1, Mick Brammer, Sagnik Bhattacharyya Schizophrenia Bulletin, Poster, Session III, April 2018 Background : Cannabis use can induce acute and long-lasting psychosis and cognitive dysfunction. Some evidence suggests that the acute behavioral and neurocognitive effects of the main active ingredient in cannabis, (−)-trans-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), might be modulated by previous cannabis exposure. However, this has not been investigated either using a control group of non-users, or following abstinence in modest cannabis users, who represent the majority [...]

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Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol increases striatal glutamate levels in healthy individuals : implications for psychosis, Marco Colizzi et al., 2019

Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol increases striatal glutamate levels in healthy individuals: implications for psychosis Marco Colizzi, Nathalie Weltens, Philip McGuire, David Lythgoe, Steve Williams, Lukas Van Oudenhove,  Sagnik Bhattacharyya Molecular Psychiatry, 15 February 2019 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-019-0374-8 Abstract : The neurobiological mechanisms underlying the association between cannabis use and acute or long lasting psychosis are not completely understood. While some evidence suggests altered striatal dopamine may underlie the association, direct evidence that cannabis use affects either acute or chronic striatal dopamine is inconclusive. In contrast, pre-clinical research suggests that cannabis may affect dopamine via modulation of glutamate signaling. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover design was used to investigate whether altered [...]

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