The dual neuroprotective– neurotoxic profile of cannabinoid drugs Yosef Sarne, Fadi Asaf, Miriam Fishbein, Mikhal Gafni and Ora Keren British Journal of Pharmacology, 2011, 163, 1391–1401 DOI:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01280.x www.brjpharmacol.org Abstract : Extensive in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that cannabinoid drugs have neuroprotective properties and suggested that the endocannabinoid system may be involved in endogenous neuroprotective mechanisms. On the other hand, neurotoxic effects of cannabinoids in vitro and in vivo were also described. Several possible explanations for these dual, opposite effects of cannabinoids on cellular fate were suggested, and it is conceivable that various factors may determine the final outcome of the cannabinoid effect in vivo. [...]
Lire la suiteTaming THC: potential cannabis synergy and phytocannabinoid-terpenoid entourage effects Ethan B Russo British Journal of Pharmacology, 2011, 163, 7, 1344–1364. doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01238.x Abstract Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) has been the primary focus of cannabis research since 1964, when Raphael Mechoulam isolated and synthesized it. More recently, the synergistic contributions of cannabidiol to cannabis pharmacology and analgesia have been scientifically demonstrated. Other phytocannabinoids, including tetrahydrocannabivarin, cannabigerol and cannabichromene, exert additional effects of therapeutic interest. Innovative conventional plant breeding has yielded cannabis chemotypes expressing high titres of each component for future study. This review will explore another echelon of phytotherapeutic agents, the cannabis terpenoids: limonene, myrcene, α-pinene, linalool, β-caryophyllene, caryophyllene [...]
Lire la suiteThe pharmacological properties of cannabis Istok Nahtigal, Alexia Blake, Andrew Hand, Angelique Florentinus-Mefailoski, Haleh Hashemi, and Jeremy Friedberg Journal of Pain Management, 2016, 9, 4, 481-491 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316545895 Abstract : The efforts to understand the nature of how the consumption of cannabis affects the human body are ongoing, complex, and multifaceted. Documentation on the use of cannabis dates back thousands of years; however, it is only now with the recent softening of legal restrictions that modern research approaches have been able to initiate an appropriate level of detailed investigations. For clinicians, researchers and policy makers, this chapter reviews the general structure of cannabinoids, the current understanding [...]
Lire la suiteAnti-excitotoxic effects of cannabidiol are partly mediated by enhancement of NCX2 and NCX3 expression in animal model of cerebral ischemia Sepideh Khaksar, Mohammad Reza Bigdeli European Journal of Pharmacology, 2017, 794, 270-279 DOI : 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.11.011 A B S T R A C T Excitotoxicity and imbalance of sodium and calcium homeostasis trigger pathophysiologic processes in cerebral ischemia which can accelerate neuronal death. Neuroprotective role of cannabidiol (CBD), one of the main nonpsychoactive phytocannabinoids of the cannabis plant, has attracted attention of many researchers in the neurodegenerative diseases studies. The present investigation was designed to determine whether cannabidiol can alleviate the severity of ischemic damages and [...]
Lire la suiteThe pharmacokinetics and the pharmacodynamics of cannabinoids Catherine J. Lucas, Peter Galettis and Jennifer Schneider British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2018, 84, 2477–2482 DOI:10.1111/bcp.13710 Abstract : There is increasing interest in the use of cannabinoids for disease and symptom management, but limited information available regarding their pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics to guide prescribers. Cannabis medicines contain a wide variety of chemical compounds, including the cannabinoids delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), which is psychoactive, and the nonpsychoactive cannabidiol (CBD). Cannabis use is associated with both pathological and behavioural toxicity and, accordingly, is contraindicated in the context of significant psychiatric, cardiovascular, renal or hepatic illness. The pharmacokinetics of cannabinoids and the [...]
Lire la suiteOral Ketamine for Depression, 1: Pharmacologic Considerations and Clinical Evidence. Chittaranjan Andrade Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 2019, 80, 2, 19f12820. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.19f12820 Abstract Clinical evidence is accumulating to support the use of ketamine as a powerful, quick-acting intervention for depression. Ketamine has been administered by oral, sublingual, transmucosal, intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intranasal, and even rectal routes. Whereas intravenous ketamine is the best studied approach, common sense dictates that oral ketamine is the most practical. The bioavailability of oral ketamine and interindividual variations thereof have been poorly studied; possibly only 20%-25% of an oral dose reaches the bloodstream. This is not necessarily a limitation because, as with [...]
Lire la suiteHallucinogen Use Updated: Nov 23, 2015 Brooke S Parish, MD; Chief Editor: Eduardo Dunayevich, MD https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/293752-overview , MedScape, Drugs & Diseases, Psychiatry Background Hallucinogens are a diverse group of drugs that cause an alteration in perception, thought, or mood. A rather heterogeneous group, these compounds have different chemical structures, different mechanisms of action, and different adverse effects. Despite their name, most hallucinogens do not consistently cause hallucinations, which are defined as false sensations that have no basis in reality. Often, they are more likely to cause changes in mood or in thought than actual hallucinations. Hallucinogens share a rich history. Many cultures have used hallucinogens for religious [...]
Lire la suiteLe système endocannabinoïde central Laurent Venance, Raphael Maldonado, Olivier Manzoni SYNTHÈSE REVUES MEDECINE/SCIENCES, 2004 ; 20, 1, 45-53 URI: http://id.erudit.org/iderudit/007520ar DOI: 10.7202/007520ar Au milieu du XIXe siècle, les chimistes recherchant le principe actif de la plante Cannabis sativa explorèrent, par analogie avec d’autres phytocomposés psychoactifs identifiés (morphine et cocaïne), la piste d’un alcaloïde. Celle-ci égara les recherches pendant plus de 100ans, puisqu’il faut attendre 1964 et les travaux du groupe de Raphael Mechoulam pour obtenir la purification et l’identification du principe actif du cannabis: le Δ9-tétrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), qui s’avéra finalement être un terpénoïde (Figure 1). La chimie des cannabinoïdes (CB) connut un fulgurant essor tandis que, [...]
Lire la suiteLe système endocannabinoïde Menu de la page : Un système ancestral très répandu Distribution des récepteurs Fonctions du système endocannabinoïde Mécanismes d’action de l’anandamide Une action polymodale L’effet d’entourage et ratio THC/CBD Dualité des récepteurs cannabinoïdes https://www.norml.fr/sante-prevention-rdr/le-systeme-endocannabinoides/ Le système cannabinoïde endogène, dont le nom vient de la plante qui a permis sa découverte, est peut-être le système physiologique le plus important impliqué dans l’établissement et la préservation de la santé humaine. Les endocannabinoïdes et leurs récepteurs sont présents dans tout l’organisme: dans le cerveau, les organes, les tissus conjonctifs, les glandes et les cellules immunitaires. Dans chaque tissu, le système cannabinoïde accomplit plusieurs [...]
Lire la suiteEffets, risques et dommages https://www.norml.fr/sante-prevention-rdr/effets-et-risques/ Fleur de cannabis en début de floraison. On peut apercevoir une multitude de petits points blancs sur les feuilles, ce sont les trichomes qui contiennent entre autre, le THC et le CBD. Menu de la page : Effets du cannabis Risques à court terme Risques à moyen terme Risques à long terme Synthèse des dommages https://www.norml.fr/sante-prevention-rdr/effets-et-risques/prevention-rdr/effets-et-risques/ Les effets du chanvre Les principes actifs du chanvre peuvent être bénéfiques pour la santé dans de nombreuses pathologies (voir chanvre et médecine) mais ce sont surtout les effets psychoactifs qui sont recherchés par les usagers non médicaux. L’usage de chanvre entraîne classiquement une sensation d’euphorie [...]
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